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◈ 尹致昊日記 (윤치호일기) (1889년) ◈
◇ 12월 ◇
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1. 12월 1일 (음 11월 9일)

2
◈ 「朝鮮風土記」
 
3
발이 압퍼 종일 방의 유。 밤 주 전교회의 아국 풍토긔 읽。
 
 

2. 12월 2일 (음 11월 10일)

5
발이 압퍼 휴과。
 
 

3. 12월 3일 (음 11월 11일)

7
일과 여전。
 
 

4. 12월 4일 (음 11월 12일)

9
일과 여전。
 
 

5. 12월 5일 (음 11월 13일)

11
◈ 「알렌」先生
 
12
일과 여전。 임선긔 편지。
 
 

6. 12월 6일 (음 11월 14일)

14
◈ 「알렌」ㆍ「본넬」先生
 
15
일과 여전。 임ㆍ풍양선의 편지보。
 
 

7. 12월 7일 (음 11월 15일)

17
◈ 英語로 日記를 쓰는 理由
 
18
오전 오시의 이러。 오눌붓터 영어로 일긔기 작중。 그 연고 첫 아국 말로넌 당시 각 일을 다 세세히 스기 어렵고 둘넌 를 세세이 스기 어려운 고로 일 궐넌 일 만아 일긔가 불과 일수와 음청을 긔록 이요 셋 영어로 일긔면 별 필묵을 밧구지 안고 넷 영어럴 우기가 더 속 고로 이리 노。
 
 

8. 12월 7일 (음 11월 15일)

20
7th. (11th Moon. 15th.)
 
21
◈ 英語로 日記를 씀 / 「요르단」
 
22
Up at 5a.m. Cloudy. My Diary has hitherto been kept in Corean. But its vocabulary is not as yet rich enough to express all what I want to say. Have therefore determined to keep the Diary in English. After dinner, went downtown with Jordan to look at Christmas tricks. Came back at 5.
 
 

9. 12월 8일 (음 11월 16일)

24
8th. (16th.)
 
25
◈ 「야코브」 / 南部人의 黑人觀
 
26
Sunday. Cloudy. Am very sorry that I can not go to Church on account of a sore foot. Jacob―the Armenian―called on me. He is one of my most sympathetic friends here. His earnestness in religion, simplicity in manner and kindness of heart endears himself with every on who knows him. His is poor―poorer than I―but, so much resigned to God's will, and so firmly confident in His providence that he seems he seems more contented than rich men. He said that the Southerner looks down on a negro with as much contempt as on a brute; that the Southerner wishes to keep the negro in ignorance; and that the Yankees are more catholic in their spirit and practice.
 
 

10. 12월 9일 (음 11월 17일)

28
9th. (17th.)
 
29
◈ 「요르단」 / 南部人의 黑人差別
 
30
Monday. Warm and cloudy. In conversing with Jordan, I asked him how was it that the Southern Ch. favored slavery. He said that he did not think the Ch. was right in this respect. Then he went on to say that the prejudice against the colored race is very strong in the South; that a Southerner does not believe in educating this inferior race; that the whites wish to keep the dark people in ignorance so that the latter may not aspire to social equality, that, though he was glad of the emancipation of the negroes, and though he was willing to preach to them, he would not, for any consideration, go into a colored school to teach the negroes; that, if he were to do this, his parents would disinherit him; and that the negroes were brutally treated before the war.
31
I heard a young man say that he would sooner pull down his church than to admit a colored member to the congregation. Now is this prejudice compatible with the boasted civilization, philanthropy, religion of this people? I must examine the subject more before I can answer this question.
 
 

11. 12월 10일 (음 11월 18일)

33
10th. (18th.)
 
34
◈ 「스트롱」의 「Our country」
 
35
Tuesday. Warm, cloudy. For several days past, no fire has been needed. Read J. Strong's "Our country." It treats of the possibilities of America and her perils.
 
 

12. 12월 11일 (음 11월 19일)

37
11th. (19th.)
 
38
◈ 「벨」 「스펜서」
 
39
Wednesday. Clear and fine weather. Received a letter from Bell. Wrote to Spencer.
 
 

13. 12월 12일 (음 11월 20일)

41
12th. (20th.)
 
42
◈ 「바스켈빌」 / 「프랑스」 革命과 南北戰爭
 
43
Thursday. Cloudy again―Windy. 「I agree with Dr. Baskerville in his opinion that, in spite of its horrors, the French Revolution was highly useful in breaking down royal and aristocratical and sacerdotal tyranny of the county; and that, in spite of its dangers, the civil war was absolutely necessary to abolish slavery in America.」 Dr. Baskerville tells the boys to acquire the habit of reading. I want to be benefited by this advice.
 
 

14. 12월 13일 (음 11월 21일)

45
13th. (21st.)
 
46
◈ 朝鮮事情
 
47
Friday. Little windy. Warm.
 
 

15. 12월 14일 (음 11월 22일)

49
14th. (22nd.)
 
50
◈ 外國人의 朝鮮人評
 
51
Saturday. Fine weather. Read something on Corea in Missionary Monthly.Nothing bright about her. The government bad, people poor, houses wretched, streets filthing. Some one says "The Coreans are the champion Liars of Asia." Another says that he would rather be hanged than to ve a minister to Corea(!!!) , of course, I do not blame them. But all impartial writers agrees in this; that the Coreans are physically a fierce nation, that they are intelligent they posses abilities that can be highly educated that they have good memory, that the climate is healthy and that the natural resources are great. Here is then hope! But I doubt whether such advantages will be turned into any account so long as the present system of oppression and tyranny continues.
52
「A strong and sweeping revolution will be of high service to the country at large. The interference of foreign powers, however, will either prevent such a revolution or take this as a fit occasion for Polandizing the peninsula.」
 
53
◈ 朝鮮의 「폴란드」化
 
54
Yet, everything considered, even such Polandization may be better, or at least, not stands or rather sleeps. I am desperate in making such remarks! Who can even faintly realize my indignation at the insult offered to, and my despair of any regeneration of, my nation? The sourness and bitterness of my feeling to which this indignation and despair give rise, are simply insufferable. But be patient! What I can not help I must bear. Let my life, then, O. God, be some help to the nation.
55
This morning a thought flashed into my mind in the shape of this question:"Could it be merely a chance or blind accidence or succession of chances and blind accidences that have guided me through "many dangers, toils and snares" to this day?" No! It is neither chance nor designless accidence. This God and his Providence that has had protected and guided me. I have a mission to fulfil; and my life will be either a failure or a success according as how well or ill I may discharge my duties. What is this mission? It is this: preaching the Gospel, and giving education to my people
 
 

16. 12월 15일 (음 11월 23일)

57
15th. (23rd.)
 
58
◈ 「야코브」
 
59
Sunday. Cloudy and little cold. After breakfast, went to Jacob's room. Enjoyed his talk very much. His life is a fair comment on his religion. "Don't trust in men," he said. "Don't boast of having such and such friends. When trouble comes, your friends are the first to forsake you. Just before I left my land for America to worship my God according to my conscience, some asked if I had any friend in U.S. I said, "No." But I went on to say, "I have one Friend who will support me wherever I go,; and His is God." His simple eloquence, with personal experience behind it, is better than a literary sermon.
 
60
◈ 中國宣敎師 「죤」
 
61
Attended Jun. Miss Meet. John, a Missionary to China, was the subject. His devotion to his work throughout his life is a thing which I must imitate.
 
 

17. 12월 16일 (음 11월 24일)

63
16th. (24th.)
 
64
Monday. Fine weather. Had a tough time with the examination in Hill and Lotze. Hair cut.
 
 

18. 12월 17일 (음 11월 25일)

66
17th. (25th.)
 
67
Tuesday. Cloudy and windy. Feel weak. It seems to me want of fresh air excercise has great deal to do with my health by producing indigestion.
 
68
◈ 「바스켈빌」
 
69
Dr.
70
Baskerville seems to know how to teach. He talks more than hearing recitation. This inpires th boys with fresh desires of studying not for recitation's sake but for knowledge itself. He today impressed on the mind of the boys the importance of writing.
 
 

19. 12월 18일 (음 11월 26일)

72
18th. (26th.)
 
73
◈ 「틸레트」
 
74
Fine, Warm. Thanks to lectures to sanctification; this has saved us from 3 recitations in Pope. Dr. Tillet's lecture on the subject are very fine. He does not believe in instantaneous sanctify and says that this doctrine has been the source of confusion in out Church. The majority of methodists are willing, do away with this doctrine altogether; and the only hinderance to such action to the fear of causing useless disturbance in the Church.
 
 

20. 12월 19일 (음 11월 27일)

76
19th. (27th.)
 
77
Thursday. Fine―a regular spring day; trees bud; wild violets bloom―only to be blasted, perhaps, in a few days to come.
 
78
◈ 「호스」 「스틸」 「파쳐랄드」 「하시모도」
 
79
Went to Dr. Hoss's house to supper. Dr. Steele, Fitzgerald, Hashimoto, Messr. Away a and one other guest were there. Mrs. Hoss was cheerful as usual. She, it seems to me, is an angel; so kind and so obliging and so very thoughtful. No boy in the Hall is confined to his room on account of sickness for a day or two but Mrs. Hoss sends him soup and other things. I heard something against her but of course I can not believe it without being further informed.
 
 

21. 12월 20일 (음 11월 28일)

81
20th. (28th.)
 
82
◈ 「틸레트」
 
83
Cloudy, warm. Christmas holidays begin today from 5 p.m. Had fine dinner in the Hall―Christmas dinner. This morning the Chancellor in wishing a merry Christmas to the boys, said "Christians should always be happy and merry. No one has any right to bemerry unless he be innocent." Attended weekly prayer meeting under Dr. Tillet. He said that David developed his rounded character through troubles.
 
 

22. 12월 21일 (음 11월 29일)

85
21st. (29th.)
 
86
◈ 「매콜리」의 「歷史」 「야코브」
 
87
Fine day. Read Macauley's History, in a.m. Took walk in p.m. with Jacob. Had a bad headache.
 
 

23. 12월 22일 (음 12월 1일)

89
22nd. (Dec. 1st.)
 
90
◈ 「맥쥬토쉬」 / 「야코브」
 
91
Saturday. Fine day. Received a letter from Mc―Jutosh with a X―mas card. Went to the Penitentiary and taught a class, in p.m. This morning, with Jacob, attended a Catholic Church. There was a great deal of mummery―standing up, sitting down, kneeling, singing and praying in an unknown tongue, bowing to images, ringing of bells, making signs, candles, crosses, holy―water, images, pictures―in short everything but what was edifying or instructive.
 
 

24. 12월 23일 (음 12월 2일)

93
23rd. (2nd.)
 
94
Monday. Fine day as usual. Finished Macauley's History Vol. Ⅰ. The tyranny and cruəlty and injustice of King James and his Jeffreys boiled my blood. But the reading of these lively description of human wickedness forced me to form the following opinions:
 
95
◈ 英國의 虐政과 朝鮮의 虐政
 
96
1st. The worst acts of the worst princes and worst judges in the worst period of English History are far superior, in humanness and justice, to the unlawful and wicked and inhuman acts of the Corean officers whom I have seen and red of. Take, for instance, the punishment of the so-called rebels in Corea a few years ago. The sufferers of death were counted by thousands while the responsible rebels were only about 50 in all.
97
Jeffreys did not kill more than 500. The parents and children and relatives of the English rebels in 1685 were not butchered on such a light reason that they were the relatives of the rebels. But, in Corea, no relatives of a revel is spared. Age or sex or innocence or any cause whatsoever can protect a rebel's relative or friend from the execrable laws of the accursed government. No wonder that God of vengeance lays His hand heavily on the abominable gang of cut throats which constitute the Corean government. God bless the King and free him from his evil councillors!
 
98
◈ 英國의 對中ㆍ印ㆍ「폴란드」ㆍ「아프리카」蠻行—國際的 罪惡
 
99
2nd. I need not be so mad about the cruelty and injustice of the England or of any other nation which they show in their transaction with foreign and weaker peoples. The opium trade with China, the unjust treatment of Indians and the Chinese, the slave and rum trade with the Africans, the conquest of India, the partition of Poland―, all these wicked deeds of stronger nations―Christian nations―nations boastful of philanthropy and civilization and morality and liberty―deserve severe censure. Indeed, they are blameable in propotion to their enlightenment. But my indignation at these international sins is softened or modified when I read of and see the cruelty and treachery which a nation practice or had practiced among themselves. Then these international sins are nothing but the enlargement of a national sins and national sins are the congregation of individual personal sins are the expression or out come of wicked motives in every man's heart.
 
100
◈ 하나님의 恩寵의 不平等
 
101
3rd. These international sins have lately disturbed my faith in a merciful God. Is it possible that a just God should create our nation weak and another strong to make the former to be wronged by the later? It may be objected that He did not create them so. But History and facts tell different story; no vigorous race or nation has been found under tropical sun or in the frigid zones. Beside, different races possess markedly different degree of mental and physical strength and energy. Why did not He put all races in equally favorable circumstances? Why did not He give all races same physical and mental capacities? These questions are hard to answer. But my faith needn't be shaken by them from the considerations that:
 
102
◈ 國際的罪惡과 個人的 罪惡
 
103
(a) As I have stated above, international sins have their root and source in individual hearts. These sins look more grievous than individual sins simply because they (international sins) are greater in bulk. Now, if individual sins have no reason to shake my faith in God, why should international sins?
104
(b) World is getting better in moral and physical conditions. Miseries to which men were once indifferent and wrong and crimes which men did not consider as wrongs and crimes, now engage the attention of good men. Public conscience is now more delicate, its symphathy more wide, its sense of justice more stron, its idea of freedom more noble than ever before, at least, in more enlightened Christian nations. In course of time even international crimes will cease to be applauded as glories.
 
105
◈ 基督敎會는 救援을 받는 곳
 
106
4th. Let men say what they may against the inconsistencies or follies of Christian church. The Churches of Christ are only asylums in which the weak, the wronged, the poor now find protection, help and support. There has never been a national or racial crime or evil but has found its opponent in a preacher or a missionary. Better still, these evils, generally begun and supported by adventurous, greedy merchants, corrupt politicians unscrupulous demagogues, have been and are now being and will be fought against and defeated by the Cross. Slavery, opium trade, liquor traffic, most international wrongs have no one to dread so much as earnest preachers and missionaries.
107
God bless missionaries!!!
 
 

25. 12월 24일 (음 12월 3일)

109
24th. (3rd.)
 
110
Tuesday. A spring day. Spent 3 hours in the morning in pacing up and down the brickwalk between the Main Building and the Gymnasium.
 
111
◈ 「Our Brother in Black」 / 「朝鮮이 自治不能이면 中國보다는 英國의 支配가 낫다.」
 
112
Read some if the "Our Brother in Black." For the first time, I was convinced that the dark slavery was, after all, the best thing that could be done for the colored people under circumstances. Compare the conditions of the Indians with that of the negroes. 「When a nation is unfit to govern herself it is better for her to be governed and protected and taught by a more enlightened and stronger people until she is able to be independent.」 Say what you may bring as many real and unreal charges against the English in the east Indian policy. 「I stand by the conviction and undeniable fact that India is infinitely better off under Englishgovernment than it ever did under others. It will be infinitely better for Corea to be under the English, if she is unfit for self-government, than to be under the China.」
 
 

26. 12월 25일 (음 12월 4일)

114
25th. (4th.)
 
115
◈ 「맥콜리」의 「歷史」 / 「피쳐랄드」
 
116
Wednesday. Fine and warm. Boys and girls have a big time with crackers and fire-works. Read Macauley's History for a few hours. Attended Dr. Fitzgerald's prayer meeting. Many turned out.
 
 

27. 12월 26일 (음 12월 5일)

118
26th. (5th.)
 
119
◈ 「맥쥬토시」
 
120
Thursday. A lovely day. Wrote a letter to Mr. Mc-Jutosh.
 
 

28. 12월 27일 (음 12월 6일)

122
27th. (6th.)
 
123
◈ 「맥콜리」의 「歷史」 / 「하밀돈」小姐 「벨」 「와트킨」 圖書館 / 猶太敎會의 禮拜儀式
 
124
Friday. Rather cloudy in a.m. Fine in p.m. Read Macouley's History. Mailed a letter to Miss Hamilton, and a copy of Pilgrim's Progress to Bell. Went to Watkin's Library and there saw historical curious. Among them an Egyptian mummy 3300 years old was an interesting object. Read something on Constantine Ⅰ. After supper went to a Jewish Synagogue. The worship was as simple as that of a protestant congregation. The pastor first prayed then read something―perhaps the O.T.―in Hebrew or Arabic. Hymns were sung by the quire at regular intervals. The prayer was almost Christian, and the sermon was instructive. The preacher used several N.T. expressions such as "In him we live and move and have our being," "unto one he gave five talents to another two and to another one, " "It is more blessed to give than to receive," "Good measure pressed down running over," "Do good not hoping to receive again," "as the child of the living God"―such expressions seem to breathe the gospel spirit. I object to the one sidedness of the service, viz. the congregation had very little share in the worship; the responsive reading was carried on by the preacher and a few apparently official members in Hebrews or Arabic tongue while the singing was done all by the quire. A beautiful moon-light night.
 
 

29. 12월 28일 (음 12월 7일)

126
28th. (7th.)
 
127
◈ 「알렌」「본넬」 / 「맥콜리」의 「歷史」 / 朝鮮의 獨立問題
 
128
Saturday. A delightful weather. Wrote letters to Dr. Allen and Professor Bonnell. To the former I said what I thought of the unnecessaries of the Catholic Church, viz. they interest me chiefly for the fact that they give me some idea of the manner in which the Greeks and Romans worshiped their Gods. To Professor Bonnell I said in connection with my reading Macauley's History. "To me the question of Corean independence is of no concern. With a government like the present one, independence will bring no relief to the nation. On the other hand with a better government―a government that will take patriotic and sympathetic interest in the welfare of the people even dependence is no real calamity. Beside a healthy and prosperous nation may at any time recover its independence, but a people kept poor, ignorant and weak by a weak poor ignorant and outrageously selfish government―what good will were independence do to such a people?"
 
 

30. 12월 29일 (음 12월 8일)

130
29th. (8th.)
 
131
◈ 「와트킨」 圖書館 / 刑務所에서의 講義
 
132
Went to Watkin's Library and there read an hour.
133
Sunday. Rainy. Warm. For the past several weeks the thermometer has stood 70° high F. at the north side of the Hall. I was much surprised to see a hawthorn tree red with full blown flowers on the campus. At first I couldn't believe my own eyes. Taught the class in the Prison.
 
 

31. 12월 30일 (음 12월 9일)

135
30th. (9th.)
 
136
Monday. Very cold(!) Kindling, coal, and fireplace have to be used once more.
 
 

32. 12월 31일 (음 12월 10일)

138
31th. (10th.)
 
139
Cold cloudy. Excercises began.
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