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◈ 윤치호일기 (1897년) ◈
◇ 10월 ◇
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1. 10월 3일

2
3rd. (8th of 9th Moon). Sunday. Fine.
 
3
For the last two weeks the King and his officials have been absorbed in the scheme of imperializing the Dynasty. A week ago the King secretly ordered Kwon Chai Hyong to memorialize the Throne begging it to accept the title of an Emperor! Beginning from last Friday the Prime Minister have started a series of petitions to the King asking him to accept the Imperial title in accordance with the earnest wishes and prayers of the whole realm!
4
The bother is that when these farcical petitions are presented, everybody connected with the government is required to be present. All the officials in official robes have been, for the past three days, kneeling in the court yard of the Palace from 3 to 6 p.m. Today the 9th petition was sent in and the King was obliged(!) to accept it, consenting thereby that he would call himself an Emperor according to the earnest wishes of the whole nation! What lies on both sides!
5
Last Friday the whole Cabinet was changed. Am sorry General Han is out but am glad that Yi Yun Yong, the Serpent, is no longer in.
6
Attended the formal opening service in the new M.E. Church. Addressed the audience at 2:30 p.m.
 
 

2. 10월 8일

8
8th. Friday. Fine.
 
9
This morning met General Greathouse, on his way to Chemulpo. He told me to keep quiet for a month or two as the affairs in Seoul are now passing through a crisis. He further informed me that Speyer distrusts me on account of my known connections with Americans in general and missionaries in particular.
10
Very well. What has Speyer to give me even half as much as missionaries have in the years past? I expect to be pro-Russian as far as I am pro-Corean and if Speyer wants me to turn my back on missionaries for some official consideration-he shall never realize his wishes.
11
Speyer has been trying to remove Brown from the Finance Department in order to make room for a Russian. The British Consul General is fighting for B. The issue of this conflict will decide whose influence shall be paramount here.
12
At 3:30 p.m. my Darling and I went to Riongsan to meet Mrs. Campbell and another lady who are coming to the M.C.S. Mission. Had to wait until 6:30, when the steam-boat brought Mrs. C. and her Chinese adopted daughter, Ling Tsu and Mrs. All well.
13
While waiting for the boat had a long chat with Pak Yong Kiu(朴鎔圭) . He said in substance:
14
"Dr. Jaisohn and I should be best of friends, but we are not. In spite of his braggings as to his wide practice in Washington, Dr. Jaisohn found it hard to make both ends meet. His M.D. Diploma did not help him as much as his color hindered him in the profession. Out of sympathy, I lent him and his wife rooms in the Corean Legation free of rent. Moreover I paid their board for them for several months."
15
"In the latter part of '95 Jaisohn wants to return to Corea, but no money. So after consulting with Prince Pak Y.H., we managed to get him the passage to Corea. I took him to a clothing store and fitted him up in and out. I gave him one of my trunks. After his departure his wife and a maid stayed in the Legation. In order to help Mrs. Jaisohn I paid. I could have gotten much better board in a neighboring hotel. The worst of the situation was that Mrs. J. didn't like me. (Though her husband is a Corean she has a great contempt for Coreans) However I said nothing about."
16
"After my return to Corea Dr. Allen reproached me for having said some things in Washington disparaging to him. I was perfectly dumbfounded. Only thing I could say to the offended Doctor was "Who told you all that?" He said that Jaisohn had so informed him."
17
"Next morning I called on Jaisohn and in a quiet manner, asked him not to misrepresent me to Dr. Allen, whom I never mentioned in America but in terms of respect and praise. Jaisohn didn't answer a word to my complaints. Afterwards Dr. Allen by writing to a friend in Washington, found out that what Jaisohn had said to him about me was false."
18
"But the real rupture between Jaisohn and me came when I asked him to pay me certain amount of money which he and his wife owed me. He paid in four monthly installments of $50.00 each what he owed me. But he refused to pay his wife's bills, upon which altercation followed. Ever since that, we have never been on friendly terms. He talks about returning to America etc, but $300.00 per month here is a paradise which he is too smart to give up."
19
What a revelation! What a pity that a man of Jaisohn's gifts should be guilty of such a meanness. Yet his capabilities make up for all his faults.
 
 

3. 10월 11일

21
11th. Monday. Fair-rain.
 
22
This day His Majesty, the King of Corea, want to the Temple of Heaven to offer sacrifices and to make known to the Supereme Being his intention of assuming the title of Emperor.
23
The temple which is nothing but a round mound(圜丘) is built of stone. The new mound occupies the site on which once stood 南尙宮 or the house in which Chinese Ambassadors were formerly entertained.
24
The procession between the present Palace and the temple took place at 5 p.m. fully three hours later than the hour announced. This together with the disorderly mixture of old and new styles of dress, the rusty spears and swords, the red and yellow rays called banners, all sorts of court officials etc. in horribly ugly dresses, the noise and confusion-all this so absolutely destitute of every element of seriousness, or of beauty or of order made me ask involuntarily. "Has the title of Emperor been so disgraced as this ever before in the history of this world?"
25
His Majesty seemed to be happy all the same. Eunuchs played a great part in the farce. Toward the evening got so sick of heat and dust that I came home. Hard rain from 10 to daylight.
 
 

4. 10월 12일

27
12nd. Tuesday. Fair.
 
28
This morning at 4 His Majesty offered sacrifices to Heaven and at 6 formally assumed the title of Emperor.
29
Went to the Palace at 12 to congratulate(?) the new Emperor, but this ceremony didn't take place as other mummeries had to be gone through in connection with giving the dead Queen the title of Empress etc. Another shower of vigorous rain made the farce all the more ridiculous and pitiful.
30
Called on Speyer at 5 p.m. Had the following chat with him
31
T.H.Y. "I hear that the French government has objected to Min Yong Ik's representing Corea at Paris. It that true? If so, why?'
32
Speyer. "Yes. The objection of the French government was founded on the unpleasant affair which Min Yong Ik once had with a French bank when Min Sang Ho ran away with $20,000.00. But I don't think in this matter Min Yong Ik was in any way blameworthy. I think the misunderstanding between the French government and Min Yong Ik may yet be bridged over."
33
T.H.Y. "The Brown affair is causing a deal of dissatisfaction. You know that Brown has done a great service to the Corean finance."
34
Speyer. "I know all that- yet Brown's popularity is among the American and English circles alone. At any rate, I never thought of disturbing Brown's position here so soon but that Jordan precipitated the matter by threatening the Corean. F.O. with England's displeasure in case the Russian financial agent should be allowed a controlling influence in the Corean finance etc. Then I thought I should show to Jordan that Russia also has some interest and influence here. Besides the Russian financial adviser is one of the items of request which Min Yong Huan laid before the Russian government."
35
T.H.Y. "Will he be as strong a man as Brown in controlling the Finance Dept?"
36
Speyer. "O yes. There are hundreds of Browns in this world, you know."
37
T.H.Y. "Have you ever thought of having a strong man in the Corean government? Weak ministers may promise a deal but they may as easily break their promises. Have you thought of recommending Min Yong Chun to His Majesty? As you may know Min Yong Chun has had a bad reputation but he desires to turn over a new leaf. He has a commanding position among Coreans. He is strong and able. Am sure he will do well in keeping the ministers from unwise steps."
38
Speyer. "I don't know him. But I think the present ministers are good,-the men in whom His Majesty has confidence. You know the King never could do what he wanted before on account of the opposition of his ministers. The present Minister of War is a strong man and so is the Minister of Law. At heart the King likes Russia very much, but he hasn't been able to show it because his ministers didn't support him. Now I think the King will be able to do what he likes in choosing his foreign friends. Then again Mins have had a bad reputation among Coreans and hence I hesitate to recommend any Min yet."
39
T.H.Y. "Why don't you make friends with Jaisohn? He told me the other day that he is perfectly willing to support you, as he is sure that Corea at present must have a strong guide. He is friendly toward you and the Russian cause and will be so as long as it doesn't conflict with the interest of Corea."
40
Speyer. "But he doesn't show it. Then the King dislikes Jaisohn very much. I have so far never thought of mentioning Jaisohn and his bad influence to the King because His Majesty hates him so much. I never saw the King so indignant as when he spoke of Jaisohn. The King's face became red with anger-pacific and quiet though he be. No, as yet, I haven't done or said anything against Jaisohn. But if he continues to act as foolishly as he has been acting, puffing himself up as if he were the most learned man in the world, I shall see that he will go back to America, which he loves so well. Am told by a close attendant of His Majesty that Jaisohn, Yi Yun Yong and Sim Sang Hun are holding secret communications wiht Tai Won Koon. Well let them do so. Jaisohn may be able to kill a few Russians and me but he will find that the Russian hand is no Corea and that it is a strong hand."
41
T.H.Y. "Has His Majesty ever said anything against me?"
42
Speyer. "No, but I know that he suspects you of being too American."
 
43
I intended to speak of Pak Y.H. but his words in regard to Jaisohn and Min Yong Chun showed that I had better keep silent on the subject.
 
 

5. 10월 13일

45
13rd. Wednesday. Beautiful.
 
46
According to a previous arrangement, left Seoul for Song-do with Dr. Reid and Mr. Collyer. The 80 li between Seoul and Pa-joo and then 10 more li to Mun San Po-this 90 li on saddle was a trying business, especially as I had no heart in the journey. Found a nice warm room in the new chapel in Mun San Po. After supper, held a religious service with the Mun San Po Christians, about 30 in all.
 
 

6. 10월 14일

48
14th. Thursday. Beautiful.
 
49
Up at 1 a.m. A cup of hot coffee and a good plate of porridge gave us a fine start at 4 a.m. Reached Song-do at 10 a.m.
50
After settling for Dr. Reid, certain questions on the S. Methodist property with my uncle, had a refreshing rest.
 
51
In a chat after supper my uncle said:-
52
"The ginseng farmers in Song-do have found in Japs a deadly plague. Japs have no legal right to buy ginseng- that is, the Corean law forbids us to sell ginseng to Japs or to other foreigners in wholesale. Therefore Japanese get hold of a rascal who is related to a ginseng farmer. Between them a plot is matured by which the Japanese claim that the Corean has mortgaged the farm for a loan. Of course the Corean is unable to pay the debt and the Japanese at once proceed to dig up the ginseng. A number of people have been robbed in this way and the government of Corea is so rotten that they are unable to protect the ginseng farmers.
53
"When I first came to Song-do 3 years ago I was an unknown individual. Now I am perhaps the most influential man in the town. I have not sought for this, but I couldn't do without being on good terms with people who have power either to help or to hurt. Last year when I was in Seoul, I called on Lady Um and told her I would gladly help her in contributing money to carry out her program of prayers to mountains and streams. All the prominent Japanese who reside or visit here are on friendly terms with me. The governor of Song-do, who is remarkable for integrity and ability, has a perfect confidence in me. When I was in Seoul last Spring Tai Won Kun wrote to me and asked me to lend him $1500.00, which I did. All officials who come here on some important business seek to know me. Any merchant who gets into trouble comes to me for help. To carry out this scheme of life it cost me a great deal, but I must do this or be in constant fear of being ruined. I wouldn't mind being a person of some account, but I am afraid my name is too widely known in the Palace etc. In this miserable state of society I don't want any notoriety.
54
"I advise you to accept the offer of Mr. Speyer and stick to him. Your personal safety depends on it. If things change, you may change sides again."
55
Uncle Yi is a wise and good man. He is generous, kindhearted and chivalrous. His personal magnetism is great and his popularity is immense. He trims but that is the fault of the society in which he lives.
 
 

7. 10월 16일

57
16th. Saturday. Pretty.
 
58
Passed last night in Pa-joo. Up at 1 a.m. Reached Seoul at 10. Found everybody well at home. Thank God.
59
On the 14th inst. His Majesty issued on edict announcing the change of the name of Cho-sun into Dai-han(大韓) . He promises lots of good things to the people but I don't believe a word of it.
 
 

8. 10월 25일

61
25th. Monday.
 
62
Devoted the day to writing an article for the Repository on the Emperor of Corea.
 
 

9. 10월 26일

64
26th. Tuesday. Pretty.
 
65
An Kui Joong, the former secretary of Pak Yong Hio called on me this p.m. He had just returned from Japan. He said:
66
"You may remember that there was a short season of uneasiness and anxiety just before the arrival of Speyer. His views were unknown and rumors ran high to the effect that Japan was going to do something. Nobody knows what, in Corea, His Majesty was uneasy, so he sent me to Pak Yong Hio, 1st to find out his views concerning the state of things, 2nd to persuade Pak Yong Hio into the scheme of enticing the refugees back to Corea, and 3rd to spy out what they are doing in Tokio. Well, I spent three days and nights with Pak Y.H. He was very anxious to return, but, of course, wouldn't play the part of Hong Chong Woo. He is going about selling his 'kulssi' or Chinese penmanship. He told me to tell His Majesty that he has many things to report in person."
67
"Well, I came back without going to Tokio where I would be placed in an awkward position. Found that His Majesty changed his mind."
68
"Everything being quiet, he seems no longer to be in need of Pak."
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