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◈ 윤치호일기 (1897년) ◈
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1. 9월 2일

2
2nd. (6th of 8th Moon). Thursday. Pretty.
 
3
This morning called on Pak Chung Yang who informed me that Yi Wan Yong, the Minister of Education, was made the governor of Southern Pyong An Do, and that a telegram has come from Washington reporting the death of Soh Kuang Pom. He died on the 14th of August. Poor man!
 
 

2. 9월 4일

5
4th. Saturday. Pretty.
 
6
Attended the first district meeting of the Methodist Episcopal Church Seoul at Dr. Reid's.
7
At 3 p.m. a memorial service was held in the Hall of the Independent Club in honor of Soh Kuang Pom. Yi Chai Yon, Jaisohn and others spoke very nice things of him. I related the kindness which Soh K.P. showed me when I met him in Washington in the summer of '91.
8
Mr. Kwon Chai Hiong showed me a letter written by the Royal Inspector. The latter accuses my father of robbing the people of $60,000.00 (三十萬兩) ; of indulging in gay entertainments contrary to the law of the country during the national mourning; of doing everything to hinder the work of the Inspector etc. Yi S.W. threatens to report my father's misdeeds to the King to have him disgraced.
9
Went to the Palace. At 12 (midnight) had an audience with His Majesty. I said: "In my father's letters the Royal Inspector is accused of many evil deeds, while the Inspector complains bitterly of my father. I can not say which is right; their disputes will have to be settled in the court. But I shall consider it a great favor if Your Majesty will accept the resignation of my father."
10
His Majesty told me that my father need not resign and that His Majesty would either transfer my father to another governorship or to let him stay where he is now.
11
His Majesty was very gracious. He took my watch and examined it, asking me where I got it. Of course I could not tell him that it was a present of Kim O.K. He asked me if I had given my wife a nice watch. I told him that she has the watch given me by the late Queen.
12
I reported to His Majesty my talk with Waeber and in conclusion I said: I report this to Your Majesty lest somebody might accuse me falsely to Your Majesty-just as they have done to Waeber. The King laughed and said: "You are very clever!" (매우 약다)
 
 

3. 9월 15일

14
15th. Wednesday. Pretty.
 
15
Rather cold in the early morning-but a beautiful day as the sun rises high.
16
At 9 a.m. went to see Mr. Waeber off. Another Inouye so far as the failure of his mission here is concerned. Both Inouye and Waeber had great opportunities for doing good in Corea but both failed, the former through too much interference and the latter through too little interference. Waeber's obstinate and blind confidence in Kim Hong Niuk in the face of all evidence and of all remonstrances has damaged Corea beyond calculation. Had Waeber been as firm and wise in advising the King as Brown has been in the Finance Department Corea might (would) have, by this time, gained a considerable ground in the direction toward reformation.
17
Today the Fall term of Appenzeller's school begins. He has invited Yi Chai Yon, but not a word to me. I feel rather hurt; but then why shouldn't a missionary trim his sail according to wind?
18
According to the O. Style, this is the anniversary of the death of Her Majesty. A grand memorial service in accordance with the Confucian ritual. All the officials above 3rd grade required to be present. During the services, several in the daytime and once at 12 in the night, all put on the mourning dress-as hideous as the devil could possibly devise-then sit on the ground facing the temple in rows. At a certain signal all bowed to the ground and wailed most pitifully and most abominably-then some fool cries out;
19
"Stop! and the whole crowd rises and laugh and joke and talk. Then again the wailing farce and so on, making the beautiful night hideous, and turning a solemn occasion into one of perfect ridiculousness and of unmodified nonsense.
20
The King, by wasting large sums in daily offerings to the Queen's tablet and on her tomb-not yet occupied-is doing everything he can, though ignorantly, to make her memory detested by the common people, who had too many reasons to hate her when alive.
21
There are four sets of scoundrels in whom alone the King trusts, 1st, those who fool him with plans and promises of revenging the death of the Queen by killing the rebels, so called. Cho Piung Sik and Yu Kui Huan lead this party. 2nd, those who delude the King with schemes and hopes of making him an emperor! 3rd, those who squeeze money for him. Yi Yun Yong and hundreds of others are at it. 4th, those who waste the money for him in building all sorts of houses. Yi Chai Yon is one of them.
 
 

4. 9월 20일

23
20th. Monday. Fine.
 
24
Called on Mr. Brown. Asked him if he could give Min Sang Ho his return passage. "No," said Brown, "he left London in July, but was paid full expenses up to the last of August. He had plenty of money to return if he so desired. But he went to Washington and spent his money in loafing about. Then again, as he has resigned, he is no longer connected with the government and is, hence by no means entitled to the government support.
25
Brown confirmed what Waeber intimated in regard to Min Yong Chan, saying, "There is no doubt that Min Yong Huan's failure was due to the evil influence of his brother. Cavendish, who was authorized by the British government to look after the Corean Embassy, wrote me saying that he found Min Yong Chan the most disagreeable personage he had ever seen. Rutenfelt wrote out here saying that unless Min Yong Chan were suppressed, he would not serve the Embassy."
26
At 11 a.m. called on Mr. Speyer. The following is a brief summary of our conversation.
27
T.H.Y. "How do you like the state of things here?"
28
Speyer "It is awful. Worse than ten years ago."
29
T.H.Y. "I wish Mr. Waeber had been more firm."
30
Speyer "I do too. He was too weak. You will not find me so. There are many foolish things here. Before I leave here I hope there will be no American party. An American party should stay in America and not in Corea. Jaisohn's paper is an American paper. The Independent Club, the Independent Arch, the Independent Park etc. are all nonsense."
31
"Then there are the American missionaries. They should have nothing to do with politics. If they don't stop fooling with politics I shall ask the American Legation to suppress them."
32
"Dr. Allen has nothing to say in matters political here.
33
His business is to draw his salary and look after the American missionaries."
34
T.H.Y. "I am sorry that one of the best men in the Corean government is to be expelled."
35
Speyer. "General Han? Yes, I am sorry for that. But the King hates him and told me that General Han is too pro-Japanese. If I can, I shall support Han. But if I can't, I shall 'ruin' his enemy, Cho Piung Sik, anyway."
36
"Waeber told me that you are pro-American."
37
T.H.Y. "Personally I like America, of course, but that doesn't mean I am American in politics."
38
Speyer, "Of course I like Japan personally, but I am a Russian."
39
Just before we parted, Speyer said: "As long as you are my friend, I shall be your friend."
 
40
Speyer's outspoken dislike of the Independent seems to have already done its work; last Sunday, 安駉壽, 李秉淵, 李允用, 李完用 made themselves conspicuous in the Club by their absence. If so, these men are cowards.
 
 

5. 9월 22일

42
22nd. Wednesday. Fine. (TABLE)
 
43
1896 (First Half)
44
==Corea Anti-Japan. why?==Corea Pro-Russian. Why?==
45
==Under Japanese Influence==Under Russian Influence==
46
==1. The Queen was murdered.==1. The King was protected.==
47
==2. Hair cut compulsorily.==2. People allowed to do as they please in the matter.==
48
==3. Government changeable.==3. Government more steady.==
49
==4. All the Departments filled with Japanese advisers-Everybody else excluded.==4. No Russians forced on the Departments.==
50
==5. Japanese trying to take hold of every profitable concessions.==5. Russia asked for no selfish concessions.==
51
==6. Japan jealous of other powers to be friendly with Corea.==6. Russia encouraged Corea to cultivate friendship with others.==
52
==7. Japan objected to Corea's giving concessions to others.==7. Russia allowed Corea to give concession to others.==
53
==8. Japan advised Corea to spend large sums needlessly.==8. The financial matter became solvent.==
54
1897
55
==Japan gaining ground. Why?==Russia losing friends. Why?==
56
==1. Illegal taxes abolished.==1. All kinds of illegal taxes revived-increased in number and rates.==
57
==2. In-land custom-duties abolished==2. In-land custom duties revived.==
58
==3. No selling of offices.==3. Selling of offices.==
59
==4. No squeezing allowed no royal inspectors etc.==4. Squeezing openly-all kinds of inspectors throughtout the country.==
60
==5. In the government appointment some regard was paid to qualifications==5. Nobody can expect to get an office unless he is a friend of a Russian interpreter.==
61
==6. Police system comparatively strict. The Palace relatively free from schemers.==6. Police on good-the Palace and the army full of Russo-Coreans whose impudence offends every body and whose only merit is a few broken Russian words picked up in the streets of Vladivostock.==
62
==7. Corean soldiers were treated kindly and considerately by the Japanese drill masters.==7. Soldiers and officers complain of being treated badly by the Russian officers.==
63
==8. Schools, such as they were, were encouraged.==8. No proper attention has been paid to the spread of common education for the past one year and half.==
64
==9. The Household Dept. was conducted more systematically and economically.==9. The Household Dept. collects all the money it can and wastes all the money it collects.==
65
==10. When the Government made a law they tried to keep it.==10. The government has deceived the people so often and so much that nobody now believes in the most solemn declarations of the government==
 
66
At 1:30 p.m. called on Speyer. Gave him the following list of comparisons:
 
67
Speyer acknowledged the correctness of every the list except the 7th under 1897 and said among other things:
68
1. "You talk about independence, but it is one thing I can not find here."
69
2. "There is no King yet in Corea. He is only a weak man who is scared at the least noise for his personal safety."
70
3. "I don't flatter the King. He has seven millions of Coreans to do that."
71
4. "I can't force the King to accept my advice. But as long as he has whole lots of advisers who contradict me, what is the use of advising him? If he wants my advice, he must make up his mind and that seriously to listen to me and to me alone. If he doesn't want my advice, all right, I shall only try to look after the interest of my country here."
72
5. "Am glad Jaisohn is no longer an adviser to the King. He is an adviser! What can he advise? He is a doctor―an American doctor which is a 'peu de chose'. I wouldn't send one of my meanest servants to be cured by him. I don't like him, because he is unpatriotic."
73
6. "When I got to Seoul, Cho Piung Sik sent word to me saying that if I could get him appointed to be the Law Minister he would do everything that I might like. I told him that I didn't come here to make Russians of Coreans. All I will do in such matters is that I shall object to any being appointed to an important position who is against Russia."
74
7. "Even if I were to recommend people to His Majesty for important appointments, whom can I recommend? I haven't yet found the men whom I would care to recommend."
75
8. "The King to become an Emperor! Impossible!"
76
9. "In 1885, I told the King that, if he didn't then employ Russian instructors for his army, he would see the day to regret his refusal. Now I see I was right."
 
 

6. 9월 23일

78
23rd. Thursday. Beautiful.
 
79
At 10 a.m. called on Min Yong Chan, who had arrived at Seoul the day before yesterday.
80
He gave me the following account of his relations with the embassy.
81
"During our journey from Nagasaki to Odessa we found Mrs. Waeber a most perverse person-fickle, arrogant and patronizing. When we drew near to Russia, she asked my brother to work for Mr. Waeber at Petersburg. This, of course, my brother was ready to do, having received His Majesty's orders for the same."
82
"After our arrival to Petersburg we had occasion to ask the Russian Foreign Minister to allow Waeber to stay in Seoul. The Russian Minister answered that it was impossible, as all arrangments had been made to the contrary. My brother urged me to interpret for him to the Czar. My brother made the same request to the Czar concerning Waeber that he made to the Foreign Minister, but received from the emperor no better encouragement than nodding."
83
"From Russia we went to London where we had a fine time. While there we received telegrams from the Seoul Court instructing my brother to work for the emperor business. We had no cheek to go around different courts begging to be allowed to call our King Emperor. So we didn't say a word about it. Later on a telegram came through the French Legation at London telling us that we should proceed to Paris and Berlin to conclude a certain military convention with France and Germany. This scared my brother so much that, in spite of the united advice of Min Sang Ho and myself to visit the other court without mentioning the convention, we left London in July for America."
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