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◈ 윤치호일기 (1899년) ◈
◇ 2월 ◇
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1. 2월 1일

2
1st. (21st of 12th Moon). Wednesday. Beautiful.
 
3
Mr. Min Yong Kui through whom I begged the Emperor to relieve me of the Kamni office, tells me that His Majesty would not consent to my resignation and that he (Min) would see to it that no harm should come to me. Consulted with father and he advised to go to Chemulpo as if on my way to Wonsan and then to sail for China or Japan. However, father thinks the best plan would be going to Wonsan. Father was persuaded to give1000.00 to the M.E.Ch. So. Mission in Korea in order to establish an industrial school at Songdo.
4
What has discouraged and disheartened me is not the imprudence nor the violence nor the failure of the popular agitations of the past year. Such movements were entirely a new experiment in Korea and none but fools or sharpers like Min or Yi would ridicule and abuse those who tried to check the corruption of the Government. But what has made me sick and hopeless is the discovery of the thorough rottenness of many, or nine-tenths, of the members of the Independence Club or the People's Meeting. Not one of them seems to have been able to withstand the temptation of stealing as much as possible of the money contributed by others. Such men as 文台源, 金光泰, 方漢德, 林珍洙 etc., in whom I had reposed unbounded trust as to their honesty and integrity, have turned out to be regular thieves. The young men who had come from Japan after a few years' stay there are worse. They have become so rotten that they deem it weakness nay even to crime nor to be able to cheat money out of some unsuspecting fools. Those who were loudest in denouncing the corruption etc. of officials have turned out, to my disgust and amazement, to be as unscrupulous and unreliable as the worst of the worst officials! Was it for these rascals that some of us sacrificed the welfare of body and mind during the year past? With such a people and for such a people, to start any popular demonstrations would be madness. The blood of the race has to be changed by a new education, a new government and a new religion.
 
 

2. 2월 2일

6
2nd. Thursday. Cold.
 
7
Called on Mr. Brown about noon. Between going abroad, which means voluntary exile, and going to Wonsan, he thinks the latter is more manly and wise course to take. Called on Dr. Allen and he thinks quite in the same way as Brown, but would not urge me one way or another. The American Minister told me that he would secure a position up in the mines for2,000 a year, if I were so willing.
8
As a contribution to the establishment of an industrial school, I transferred to the Methodist Episcopal Church South Mission our Chongdong lot, now worth between1,000 and1,500.
9
Mr. Reid also thinks that I should go to Wonsan.
 
 

3. 2월 3일

11
3rd. Friday. Cold.
 
12
Wrote to Mr. Kato, the Japanese Minister, asking him how he would advise me in my movement, telling him that I would abide by his counsel. He replied that I should leave Seoul and go to Wonsan, in order to show His Majesty and the intriguing enemies that I harbor no disloyal designs. Have decided to go. None of us is a prophet and I have to take the course that seems to be more straight and honorable than another, leaving all the rest to God.
 
 

4. 2월 4일

14
4th. Saturday. Cold.
 
15
Mr. Ko, 高永根 and I have decided to pay200 each to meet the part of the demand of the debtors, on the condition that they would not bother us again until the members of the People's Meeting be freed from the dangers and confinements of the present situation.
 
 

5. 2월 6일

17
6th. Monday. Heavy snow.
 
18
A heavy snow last night.
19
Today is, according to the old calendar, my birthday. Had the happiness of spending the day with father, mother, wife and children.
20
The last 2 months and a half (from the latter part of November) my Darling and I have been living in the house that used to be occupied by Dr. Hardie. These have been months of sweet family life. Laura is growing to be a pretty, clever and loving child, while Allen is a strong, fine looking fellow. Candler, our younger boy, born on the 17th November, is a joy in the family. It pains me to think of leaving these dear ones to go to Wonsan, full of perils, difficulties and anxieties of various kinds.
 
 

6. 2월 10일

22
10th. (1st of 1st Moon, Keehae Year). Friday. Snow last night.
 
23
According to the old calendar this is the 1st day of the 1st moon. Koreans and Chinese are making much of the day. Somehow or other I have lost all interest in these special days and seasons―Christmas not excepted.
24
Wrote to Dr. Jaisohn, explaining how I have to give up the paper etc. I said "The question is not whether I should stay in Seoul or go to Wonsan, but whether I should go to Wonsan or somewhere else; that is, I must leave the city for some time ― Mr. Appenzeller, Dr. Allen, Mr. Brown and Mr. Kato are my witnesses as to my conscientious decision in regard to the paper. ― Last year proved a success financially. There are490 on your account in the charge of Mr. Appenzeller, etc. Appenzeller and Jones started a local edition of the Korean Repository from last Thursday. It is to be weekly. They intend to give it up whenever the Independent be started anew.
25
Father tells me that Yi Yong Ik, the gold-thief, is the biggest figure in the Palace. He is to become the controller of all the mines in Korea! The Emperor intends, or rather, has declared, his purpose of making all the mines his private property. Miserable Koreans deserve no better government.
26
A bowl of rice and a piece of Kimchi are the highest ideal of life in Korea, and that given you have peace all over the hell-ruled country, no matter under what injustice or tyranny. Like prince, like officials, like people―well met.
27
Father is afraid of having it known that he contributed the money to the Southern Methodist Episcopal Mission! The King and his hell-hounds are busy day and night in devising schemes for making money. I am told that the Government―the Palace―is going to get a loan of 5 millions!
28
The present government is run by the hatred of the popular meetings; Min Yong Kui, the Minister of Finance; Yu Kui Whan, the Minister of Law; Sin Kui Sun, the Minister of Education; Min Pyong Han, the Acting Minister of Home Affairs; Min Pyeung Suk, the Minister of War; Yi Kui Tong, a Commander of a regiment of the Body Guard; Yi Kun Yong, the Commissioner of Police; Yi Han Yung, the Governor of Seoul; Hong Jong Woo, the Director of the Government Gazette Bureau; Kil Yong Soo, the 參尉 in the army. A glorious pandemonium with the ( ) presiding over all!
29
Father's advice: the one most to be pitied and on whom falls heaviest the burden of the State is the small people― common farmer. Ajuns (under-clerks) , Confucian scholars, and Seoul frequenters are to be suppressed with an iron hand. These are the worries that eat the substance of the common people. Yet a wise man should think twice before attacking them. In fact the popularity and even safety of a magistrate does not depend on helping the poor people as much as on pleasing the Ajuns etc. When I was the prefect of Namyang, I did my best to protect the interest of the common people against the Ajuns etc. I know I did faithfully what I believed to be my duty toward the people. Yet I got nothing from my conscientious discharge of my magisterial duties. I was hated by Ajuns not only, the people did not appreciate my services! Afterward, when I went to Pookchung as the military governor, I avoided offending the Ajuns and Seoul frequenters and scholars, so called. I did not touch their interest, though that very fact made my administration toward the common people less just than in Namyang. But I was popular both among the Ajuns and the people. In fact, a popular magistrate is not generally the best magistrate. It only means he knows how to respect the selfish interests of powerful classes. In your intercourse with Koreans, start with the presumption that all are thieves and rascale until they prove themselves otherwise, which is exceedingly rare!
 
 

7. 2월 12일

31
12th. Sunday. Chilly.
 
32
For the last time, probably for some time to come, I talked to Dr. Reid's congregation this morning. I have delivered a sort of religious address to them every Sunday during this year and a half past. Yet I don't believe any of the talks did any good. A religious talk ought to come from the heart and love of the work to do any good. My talks may have had something in them intellectually good; but head religion never affects men's heart. I have done so from sense of duty and not at all from love of the work. That is a pity, but I cannot lie.
33
In the afternoon, called on Sim Sang Hoon, Min Yong Kui and Yi Chai Soon. They affected good will and cordially toward me. A cup or two of "Sul" at Mr. Yi's affected my head more than it was good for me. Later in the evening called on Han Kiu Sul, Pak Jung Yang, Yi Hak Kiun and Yi Chong Kun. These folks are on the retired list.
34
Yes, I am to be a magistrate. There will be religious problems that will bother me very much, likely making me unpopular with missionaries etc. God help me to be wise.
35
A magistrate under a Confucian government ruling over a Confucian people has no business to do anything or say aught affecting the prejudices etc. of the State religion. Mr Fenwick wants me to preach in his church every Sunday at Wonsan. I don't like that; I an not a preacher, in the first place; I am not paid so much a month by a Confucian government to preach; I do not love the work of preaching hence can help nobody by my unspiritual sermons(?)
 
36
Some strange coincidences!
37
1. The ward in which the new Palace has been built was and is called the Imperial Ward(皇華坊) .
38
2. The mame of the place outside of the West Gate where the future station will be was called Wagon Street(수래골) .
39
3. The hill on which stands the Catholic cathedral and from which sounds forth the beautiful bell used to be called Jong Hyon, or Bell Hill.
40
4. When anybody was remarkably clever, they used to call him(윤이) . During the meetings of the Club the people nicknamed me 윤이 because of the sound of the gavel on the table.
41
5. The study chair now in the office of the Independent belonged to Mr. Pak Yong Hio. Jaisohn occupied it while in Seoul. Then for the 7 or 8 months, I sat on it. All have been expelled from Seoul.
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