원문/전문 보기 - 윤치호일기 (1902년)(10월)

After mature consideration, my Darling has decided to take a trip to Shanghai. Reasons: 1. Her healthy needs a thorough recuperation. 2. Laura must be in a place where she can have playmates and, in case of sickness, proper medical attention. I believe the Chinese girl-dress will help Laura as it heeps no part of the body in bondage. 3. If my Darling doesn't go to Shanghai now, she may have to wait two or three years more in case she has a new baby. 4. The rooms are so small and uncomfortable and food so poor that her constitution may be permanently impaired by staying here another winter. Oh my! how can I bear to see our pet, Candler(鳳城) miss his mamma. I wish I had a comfortable home so that my Darling need not go.

Large number of villages, specially those of the northern part of Tokwon, seem to be infected with cholera. Once in the epidemic has to be let run its course, long or short, sans hospitals, sans doctors, sans medicine, sans―above all―funds, nothing can be done. Cholera is reported to be rife in Seoul. Sands, the omnipotent Imperial adviser, who has been going to and fro between Seoul and Pyong Yang with trumpets blowing and colors flying to stem the tide of cholera, seems to have failed. Well, a country which is blessed with such a crowd of advisers as Korea is can afford to have cholera and famine.

Rinderpest, which killed off thousands of cattle last year, is again rampant in this part of Korea. An old man tells me that the cattle disease was unknown here 15 or 20 years ago. I asked him whence it came. He said: "It is fate." Now to tell him that filth was the cause of the pest would sound a sheer nonsense to him. It is fate to have a wicked ruler: it is fate to have a drought; it is fate to have epidemics; it is fate to have rinderpest: all is due to the influence of mountain and stream. Isn't this beautifully simple?

Ui-reung 宜陵 in Ham-Hung is the grave of the grandfather of the Founder of the Dynasty. During the past 32 months, thirty seven (37) grave keepers (參奉, 令) have been appointed. Shame to His Imperial Majesty, the Great Emperor of Great Han, that he should make a merchandise of the bones of his forefathers: One of Pe're Brete's converts, named Im, was caught stealing his money. Turned over to the police, he confessed that he had stolen the money because the missionary would not lend him any, and that the only thing he (the thief) wished was that he might soon die to go to the paradise! Christ reproved pharisees that they compassed sea and land to make one proselyte; and that, when he is made, they make him two fold more the child of hell than themselves. I have yet to see a Catholic convert who is not a bad Korean. When we consider that hundreds become converts not to flee from the divine wrath to come but from the official wrath and oppression. That these converts not only know nothing of the high principles of Christianity but also do not care to know them, and that a large proportion of them are the social dregs and refuse, is it any wonder that they are not only bad Christiants but worse heathens? I can not, knowing what the Korean government is, blame certain Koreans for seeking the shelter of the Catholic protection against bad officials. But what I detest is that the mean fellows, as soon as they find themselves secure under the priest, would do unto others precisely those things from which they sought refuge in the Mission Apostolique―such as forcibly removing others' graves, kidnaping, widows, extorting money, and doing the business of a law court in general―and a bad court at that. It is a pity that a Catholic missionary who is individually intelligent and amiable should commit the dangerous folly of protecting criminals against law, if they happen to be among their "converts."

The Governor's report on the tablet-house vs. the grave, seems to have been favorably received by His Majesty, who ordered that Yi Jung Kiu, the false accuser, should be punished. The old fellow, the "16th-generation grandson" 十六世孫 of the great-grand-father of the Tai-Jo, was therefore sent to Seoul today under the guard of a Ham-Hung policeman. I shall not feel easy, however, until the old liar is disposed of entirely beyond the possibility of doing harm, either by putting him in chain gang or by banishment.

The notorious Kim Jong Han, last Governor of Ham Hung, deforested the famous Ham-Kuan-Ryong 咸關嶺, under the pretext or rebuilding the Man-Sei Bridge in Ham Hung. The squrd of Puk-Chung soldiers who had been ordered to Ham Hung to quail the insurrection, on their way home saw an old peasant lying on the roadside, exhausted, under a "jiki" load of pine brush. When he saw the soldiers passing he picked up strength enough to ask them what had become of the Governor. On hearing that His Excellency was safe and sound, the old man sighed, saying: "It was the Governor who reduced me to this hopeless plight. Being compelled to transport the heavy timbers of Ham Kuan Ryong, my ox, the only helper I had in this world, was killed from a broken leg. Well, I hope the Governor will live long to enjoy his ill gotten wealth!"

The crops in the Southern Ham Kyong-do are bad enough, especially the rice having had no warmth sufficient to bring it to full head. But with the good weather continuing, a total failure may be averted. In the Northern half, however, snow covered the ground for two or three day as early as a week ago, so that wholesale famine is reported to be universal. Rice from 650 to 685 cash per mal. Millet from 450 to 500 cash, almost double what used to be this time last year.

What with a bad cold, what with the effect of a strong dose of quinine, I could not sleep until 4 this morning. Felt seedy enough. My already bad humor became decidedly worse when the first thing I had to do in the morning was answer a letter from Mr. Bilbrough, who again complained of the poor Kalmay Koreans for certain insignificant offenses. For aught I know, the Bilbroughs are worse neighbors to the Koreans than the latter are to the former. By taking ungentlemanly advantage of the hazy and inaccurate wordings of a Korean title deed. Mr. Bilbrough worries the childish Koreans by annexing their strips of land to round off his boundaries or by cutting off or fencing in old paths which have been used by generations of Koreans. Mrs. B. misses no chace of calling them thieves and liars, but she who smuggles firearms and shifts boundary marks to suit her converience―well, what is she?

When a person, leaving the civilized centres of the World, elects to live in Korea among Koreans, she ought to make up her mind to put up with their shortcomings. For the absolutely free enjoyment of taxless lands, taxless houses, taxless privileges of many kinds in hunting, fishing etc, what does she pay to the Korean Government, central or local? The Bilbroughs think and affirm that the Emperor of Korea should be grateful to them for the large amount of duty-paid goods they pass through the customs! With all their braggartism, they are as mean as the meanest.

In spite of the fine weather we have been enjoying the last two weeks, cases of cholera are frequent in Wonsan and in villages. The Wonsanites had a big "koot" 굿 the other day. A sorceress offered prayers and "Si-ru-tuk,"or rice cake, to His Excellency, the Honorable Spirit of Epidemic 運氣靈神大監 that he might leave Wonsan. A procession headed by gongs, drums, trumpets and banners with sorceresses attired in military dresses, so called, and mounted on ponies went through the main streets of the town to purify it. "The people were happy and all said that the town would now be saved from cholera," so told me the town elder, or 尊位. There is no arguing against superstition. The Wonsanites grumbled against me because I prohibited the sale of unripe fruits, saying that their forefathers lived to good old ages, though they had eaten unripe fruits all their lives, and that my orders scared farmers away from the markets etc. etc. The un-intelligible jargon of a sorceress has infinitely more weight with the Korean than a whole library on hygienics. In this, however, we are not the worst people in the world.

But this style of argument is not peculiar to a Christian apologist, nor is it necessarily unfair. It may be truly said that the intelligence, courage, ability and pluck of the Anglo-Saxon have created the greatest colonial empire the world has ever seen. One may, on the other hand, cite innumerable instances in which the Anglo-Saxon is neither intelligent, nor courageous, nor able. This, however, does not invalidate, nor courageous, nor able. This, however, does not invalidate the first proposition any more than the evil deeds of nominally Christian nations should overthrow the established credit and claim of Christianity.

Or, again, we attribute to the efficiency of education the high standard of living and of morality and the low rate of mortality, say, in England. One may sneeringly say that thousands upon thousands in the happy British Isles are living and dying in squalor and vice as low down as the lowest in an oriental country. Even the Editor of the K.C. may consistently answer; "But all Englishmen are not educated". That is, a system of efficient education may claim all that is good in the intellectual and social life of Britain without being held responsible for the filth and ignorance of the non-educated. Then why is it wrong in Christianity to claim all that is the best and purest in European life and thought as the direct or indirect result of her teachings while declining to be held accountable for the wickedness of those who are not "heart-Christians" especially when education can be compulsory in a sense which religion can never be?

A Japanese who says he was once a Christian published an anti-missionary letter in the Kobe Chronicle, just like a Japanese. Whatever reason a European or an American my have for his anti-missionary attitude, a Japanese can have none. Nothing but good has come to Japan through and in a missionary. Every pupil he teaches, every orphan or window he helps, every cent he spents, goes to benefit Japan. Whether his Gospel is accepted or rejected, the missiony deserves nothing but gratitude of the Japanese.

This is doubly so in Korea. Notwithstanding all his faults which. however, he has in common with any other foreigner, a missionary is the only true friend Korea has. Mr. Bilbrough once told me; "These missionaries begin their work at the wrong end. The natives ought to be taught first to wash their faces and bodies clean before religion be rubbed into them." By contrast his remark reminded me of a vigorous passage in the Gospel, something to this effect. "Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also."

Even granting that Bilbrough is right, has he, or any collection of individuals like him, ever started a movement or institution whose disinterested object and aim is to teach the natives of Korea, say, the art or luxury or comfort of keeping their bodies clean? On the other hand, missionaries through schools, hospitals and homes have been slowly but surely educating the people up toward a higher mark of personal cleanliness, along with religious lessons. So far as we are concerned one good missionary is worth a steamerful of Bilbroughs. My health is decidedly bad. No appetite general debillity. I wish I were free to take a sea trip.

A writer in describing the poverty of some Irish peasants said in a letter to the Spectator: "The squalor in these huts is quite indescribable. I have seen from one small but issue in the early morning some geese, hens, a cow and calf, a horse and foal, several children and the man and wife. All had passed the night there and only one bed was discernible." Yet should one of these Irish come to Korea and write a book, he would likely call the Korean the most squalid in the world.

We have been teaching our children a few English words Laura seems to have a remarkable memory. She seldom forgets the words taught. Allen is very slow. Candler is quick. In instance of Laura's intelligence: We had taught her the word "spoon" but no adjectives of any kind. Today at dinner she surprised us by telling her brothers that a "Cho-sun sukkarak" is a "Korea spoon" in English. On being questioned how she had learned th word "Korean," she said: "The other day, when Papa was talking with Mamma, I heard Papa say that Mrs. Hardie's children went to Seoul in a Korean chair. Now chair being a 'Kama', 'Korean' must mean 'Chosun'. What a pity that her delicate health prevents us from placing her in a school!

Candler seems to miss his mother more than his brother does. He (Candler) often asks me, "Why doesn't mother come back?" One morning while the room was yet dark, I saw the little fellow getting up from his cot and going into the closet or 'kol-pang' to examine my robe, thinking it was his mother's dress. With a little sign of disppointment which brought tears to my eyes he said: 나는 어머니 옷인줄 알엇지. (I thought it was Ma's dress!)

The other night when I had occasion to threaten Allen with spanking for some little offence. On looking at Candler, I saw tears flowing down his cheeks, with his little lips pouting. When asked what the matter was with him, the dear fellow said: 어머니는 상해 가셨는데 아버지가 우리 때리시면 누가 말려주나? Mother being away in Shanghai, if father spank us who will help us? I was touched to the core. Of course I would not spank him or his brother said I, if they always obeyed me.

Allen told me the day before yesterday that one of his playmates, Tai-wani, had caught a grasshopper bigger than a tiger. The little man was perfectly sincere in his belief; only he did not know what a tiger is. Many a fossilite in Korea and China firmly believes and loudly declares that the Chinese classics are, in style and sentiment, superior to the Christian literature. These old children simply don't know what Christian literature is.

Cold water begun. F46° 49° in the morning since yesterday. In their annual conference, the M. C. Ch. So. Mission, decided to supply a teacher to the Pai Chai School bearing, also, half of its current expenses. This was, in my opinion, a very unwise step unless the two Missions have made up their minds to equip and man the institution so thoroughly that the half-hearted playing at education would give plce to efficiency and success. If, however, the cooperation means nothing more than that one Mission places a man in the School just to enable the other Mission's man to enjoy his furlough, the work will be none the better for the union.

Mrs. Hardie tells me that this measure was pushed through to accommodate Mr. Hounsel, whose wife, being a society woman, could not and would not, bear with the lonely life in Songdo. What a pity that a fashionable woman should ever come to Korea and that as a missionary wife! The best thing for her and for the work will be her going to Japan, the land of eggshell tea sets, silk handkerchiefs and of a thousand and one pretty nothings.

If I had my way, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South Mission in Korea should bend all her energies to the creation of one or two centres of work, with homes, schools, hospitals etc. Like a hundred rills, too week in itself to separately accomplish any work, may, by concentration into a common reservoir, develope power enough to turn a mill, so ten missionaries, scattered and wasted, may convert a province by wise centralization and distribution of their combined energies. Under centralization no branch of the work need suffer from the temporary absence of a missionary, as his place can be filled by another without hitch. Having a plenty of helping hands, a missionary would not have to work until his health breaks down.

Songdo should be the headquarters or the power house of the Southern Methodist Episcopal should be given over to the Methodist Episcopal Mission. All roads of the Southern Mission should lead to Songdo. The city is a strategic point and has a future in Korea. Besides, Songdo has been given to the South Mission by the tacit consent of other missions. If the Southern Methodist Episcopal Mission whittles away time and energy by the scatteration policy, starving the Songdo work for want of men and equipment, she would be playing the part of the proverbial dog in the manger.

Industrial education is the only kind of education the Mission should undertake. Literary education is good in its place, but the Mission has neither money nor constituency for it. The greatest need of Korea is to teach the people the honorableness of work. A Korean youth who knows how to handle tools and to handle them well is a more desirable citizen than one who may quote Shakespeare or Spencer.

Female education is another branch of the Mission work, which gives satisfaction to all. Girls invariably do better in schools than boys, not necessarily because women are superior to men in mental capacities, as Mr. Gale thinks. (By the way he never writes about Koreans without the bitterest criticisms-utterly unworthy of a missionary) . Korean girls have no outdoor temptations. Their attentions could be riveted on the lessons. They are easily kept under the personal influence of the teachers for a number of uninterrupted years. All this favors a girls' school. Hence the satisfactory results of all missionary efforts in this direction.

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