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◈ 윤치호일기 (1931년) ◈
◇ 10월 ◇
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1. 10월 1일

2
1st. Thursday. Lovely―Warm.
 
3
Seoul home. Received a cable from Helen saying: "Married love Helen." God grant neither of the party will never be disappointed in the other.
4
8 p.m. presided over a meeting at the Central Y. where Dr. S. Eddy gave a lecture―rather a revival sermon.
5
This noon, the Luncheon Club of Seoul gave a dinner at the Station Restaurant in honor of Dr. and Mrs. Sherwood Eddy. He gave a talk on the conditions of affairs he had observed in Germany, Russia, and China. Pretty dark pictures!
 
 

2. 10월 2일

7
2nd. Friday. Lovely.
 
8
Seoul home.
 
 

3. 10월 3일

10
3rd. Saturday. Beautiful.
 
11
Went to Song Do 7:34 a.m. train to attend the celebration of 25th Anniversary of the Founding of the Song do Higher Common School under the name of Anglo-Korean School 韓英書院. Returned to Seoul by 4:08 p.m. train. Went to 明月館 for supper at 8 at the invitation of the Chief of the Police Bureau 警務局長, Mr. Ikeda(池田) . Found, to my surprise, the party composed of the most prominent officials of the Govt. General. The Chief of the General Staff of the Army of Korea, the Chief of the Industrial Bureau, the Chief of the Home Affairs B., the Director of the Korea branch of the Oriental Devel. Company, the Director of the Industrial Bank and others, Messrs. 韓相龍,朴榮喆, 金應善, 閔大植 were the Korean guests besides myself. They proposed and adopted the resolution to form a social club called 土曜會 to meet once a month.
 
 

4. 10월 4일

13
4th. Sunday. Beautiful.
 
14
Seoul home. With wife and children went to Chemulpo per 12:50 p.m. train for the last sea-bathing of the season. Enjoyed the trip. Returned home by 7:05 p.m. train.
 
 

5. 10월 5일

16
5th. Monday. Warm. Dull sun.
 
17
Seoul home. People like 宋鎭禹 objects to my having anything to do with such a gathering as the Saturday Club. Of course I would rather not be a member of such a Club. I feel among them like a drop of oil in a bucket of water. I can't enjoy the heavy drinking and light jokes, nor the kisaings. But the Japanese especially at this time when they are in war-psychology are classifying friends and foes with hair splinting nicety. A Korean like me can't afford to be listed as their foe. Mr. Kim Sung Soo is one of the men invited to be a member of the Club. I know he has too many interests to incur the active displeasure of the ruling Japanese.
 
 

6. 10월 6일

19
6th. Tuesday. Beautiful. Almost hot.
 
20
Seoul home.
 
 

7. 10월 7일

22
7th. Wednesday. Rain for 5 a.m. to 8 a.m. Cloud and sun.
 
23
Seoul home.
 
 

8. 10월 8일

25
8th. Thursday. Bright. Cool.
 
26
Seoul home. "Extras" of local papers report that the Japanese war planes have begun bombarding the city of 錦州 where 張學良, the dethroned war-lord of Mukden is trying to set up a new Government for the Four Eastern Provinces or "Manchuria." It seems Japan is desperately trying to force China to declare war. No doubt that will be the most convenient way out of the high handed proceedings in Manchuria―so far as Japan is concerned. But it will be very unwise for China to declare war for that will give Japan a good pretext to bring China to her knees in no time. The only trouble is that another world war may come out of it all.
 
 

9. 10월 9일

28
9th. Friday. Cool. Dull sun.
 
29
Seoul home.
 
 

10. 10월 10일

31
10th. Saturday.
 
32
Seoul home.
 
 

11. 10월 11일

34
11th. Sunday. Perfectly lovely.
 
35
Seoul home.
 
 

12. 10월 12일

37
12th. Monday. Beautiful―Warm.
 
38
Seoul home.
 
 

13. 10월 13일

40
13th. Tuesday. Beautiful―Warm.
 
41
Seoul home.
 
 

14. 10월 14일

43
14th. Wednesday. Beautiful―Warm.
 
44
Seoul home.
 
 

15. 10월 15일

46
15th. Thursday. Beautiful.
 
47
Seoul home. The I.P.R. Group of Korea was invited to a sukiyaki lunch at 百合園 by Dr. Cynn. He had received a cable from Dr. Ito who is regretting that the I.P.R. Council could not invite the Korean Group to the Conference to meet in Shanghai.
48
(1) The Institute of Pacific Relations which was started by the Y.M.C.A. leaders 8 years ago at Honolulu has degenerated into a sort of private League of Nations where the representatives of suzerain states meet to air their mutual grievances and to study how best they can hold on to the privileges and prestige which they(the states) have obtained over weaker nations. (2) What can a Korean do in such a meeting? If he talks too much the Japanese will be down on him. If he talks too little the Koreans will cuss him. I am glad we are out of it.
 
 

16. 10월 16일

50
16th. Friday. Cloudy Pleasant.
 
51
Left Seoul 9:05 a.m. train for Song Do with 璋 and 琦. Rain from 4 p.m. Returned to Seoul per 7:14 p.m. train. 珽善 again sick.
 
 

17. 10월 17일

53
17th. Saturday. Cloudy―Dull sun―Cool.
 
54
Seoul home. The League of Nations have invited America to send an observer to the League Council, inspite of a determined opposition of Japan. Thus the Manchurian question which Japan wants to treat as a local affair is fast becoming an international puzzle all right. I suppose the robber-nations of the West will have the sense of humor enough to see that Japan has as much right to seek a breathing space for her population in Manchuria as Spain in Morocco, Italy in Tripoli; England in Australia, Canada and Africa; France, in Annam and Algeria etc. If Japan is wrong, then all the strong nations are wrong. If they are right, certainly Japan is right too. The only question is: Is Japan strong enough to uphold her claims?
 
 

18. 10월 18일

56
18th. Sunday. Cloudy. Cool.
 
57
Seoul home.
 
 

19. 10월 19일

59
19th. Monday. Beautiful.
 
60
Seoul home. 珽善’s temperature has kept high(39°, 39 1/2° even forty this afternoon) for the last four days. Dr. Pak doesn't understand why the temperature keeps so constantly high―seeing that he can detect no reason for it.
 
 

20. 10월 20일

62
20th. Tuesday. Beautiful.
 
63
Seoul home. 珽善 still ill.
64
A welcome reception was given to Viscount Saito and his wife by the "citizens" of Seoul. Nearly a thousand people―mostly Japanese―attended the party. The entertainment was staged on the ground of the Kyong Bok Palace. The tables set on the first floor of Kyong Hoi Pavilion had nothing but bottles of sake and some dried fish. ¥2.00 per person.
65
Viscount Saito is certainly a fortunate man. He escaped attempts on his life twice during his tenure of office―once a bomb was thrown at him when he got off the South Gate Station the night he first arrived at Seoul. Another attempt on the day of the funeral of the last Emperor of Korea―when a young fellow jumped on an auto mistaking a Japanese for Governor Saito. A fatal stab finished the man who had the misfortune of a peaceful term of office―altogether nine years―he was relieved just in time to get out of the worries and burdens of the anti-Chinese situation in Korea and of the Manchurian tug-of-war.
 
 

21. 10월 21일

67
21st. Wednesday. Beautiful.
 
68
Seoul home. 珽善's temperature still ranges high―39˚ to 39˚ 7. Fretful whole day.
 
 

22. 10월 22일

70
22nd. Thursday. Beautiful. Warm.
 
71
Seoul home. 珽善 had a tolerably quiet night. The high temperature continues.
72
3 p.m. went to the East Gate Hospital to attend the meeting of the Committee on appraisal of the East Gate property―some 2,500 tsubos―as a step toward uniting the hospital with the Severance Hospital. The East Gate Hospital is rather in a poor looking condition and such a union would be wise. But the Northern Methodists―missionaries―are divided in their opinions.
73
Hearing that Mr. 金一善 who had been imprisoned on a charge of having been a false witness in late 孫昌源 affairs returned home last night his innocence being fully proved.
74
So glad to see him back―safe from the hell.
75
When men like 金一嬋, one of the most useful citizens of Seoul, suffer imprisonment and even harder treatment, without any reason whatsoever, it's all nonsense to make so much ado about the sufferings of cousin No. 1, who has made so many other people suffer by lies, by cheating, and by robbing them.
 
 

23. 10월 23일

77
23rd. Friday. Beautiful―Warm.
 
78
Seoul home.
 
 

24. 10월 24일

80
24th. Saturday. Pretty.
 
81
Seoul home. 珽善 still ill.
82
To nurse a sick child especially when the temperature ranges so high that he doesn't sleep long―I say who can―even a mother―nurse a peevish and fretful child sick of high fever without becoming cross now and then? But wife makes things 100% harder by raging in temper and tongue. The child is hot―the mother's temper is hot, the room is hot and stuffy―a well person would be sick in such a room, let alone, a sick child. "Baram" or air is the thing most dreaded by the Korean women. Seven wise men can't argue them out of that notion.
 
 

25. 10월 25일

84
25th. Sunday. Cloudy a.m. Pretty p.m.
 
85
Left Seoul 7:34 a.m. Gasoline car for Song Do. A little passing shower on the way. Returned to Seoul per 10:48 a.m. train being so uneasy about 珽善.
86
The League of Nations have passed a resolution by 13 against 1 votes to ask Japan to withdraw her troops from the Chinese territory in Manchuria. Japan flatly refuses to do so―until Chinese grants to Japan all the rights and privileges which the former agreed to concede to the latter in various treaties including the famous 21 Demands. If Japan withdraws her troops without some definite and satisfactory results there will be a civil war in Japan itself. If the resolution of the League of Nations is unheld what will become of the authority―the very reason d'etre of the League?
 
 

26. 10월 26일

88
26th. Monday. Beautiful―Cold enough for fire. Frost.
 
89
Seoul home. 珽善's temperature is gradually going down. Drs. seem satisfied that the crisis is over.
90
A welcome supper was given to Miss Pak In Duk at the Bright Moon Restaurant at 6 p.m. She has just succeeded in divorcing her husband 金, by paying him ¥2,000.00. Her daring action has become a sensational topic in the Korean missionary circles. There are more condemnation than commendations. What do I think of it? (1) In the first place, I think she has as much right to divorce her husband as hundreds of young men who divorce their wives, many of them, for no other reason than to marry more attractive girls. To pass by these heartless young men uncensured but to revile and say all manner of evil things against P.I.D. is another way of saying "woman ought to remain men's slaves forever." (2) Then again what is it that a man―a Korean man―can not do or enjoy without divorcing a disagreeable wife? He can have as many concubines as he wants. He can go about his business in any time whatsoever without any fear of criticism―no matter how badly he treats his wife, but a woman must be chaste, must bear all the hardships and drudgery of a wife, of a mother, of a cook, of a sewing woman, of a washer woman, all in one place the danger of being kicked, beaten and dragged about by the hair without anybody to appeal to. Can you blame P.I.D. for not resigning to that kind of fate? I regret―of course I regret―that she has to divorce her husband especially to tell her "Be a slave because you are a woman." (3) But divorcing is not Scriptural―You say. Yes―yet neither is prohibition Scriptural.
91
A shower and snow flakes 4 p.m. Count Saito's tea Chosen Hotel 4~6 p.m.
 
 

27. 10월 27일

93
27th. Tuesday. Pale sun―Cold.
 
94
Seoul home.
 
 

28. 10월 28일

96
28th. Wednesday. Pretty. Dull p.m.
 
97
Seoul home. Look at that fellow Chang-Hui, the hopeful son of mother's chamber-maid, a woman of 56. The boy now about 19 keeps skull cap on to keep his hairs laid, night and day, winter or summer, except when he puts hat on. He plays soldier in a tailors shop. He spends all he earns and much of what his mother's monthly wages on fine shows and good stylish clothes. For the 15 years he has been fed by us. His mother works night and day to keep him well fed and neatly dressed. He returns late in the nights and often stays out. While we wish he would stay out forever his mother waits for him every evening standing outside of our main gate. She has been slaving for that worthless boy and his worthless sister. Oh the inexhaustible love of a mother!
98
Look at that barber's wife. She lives in a roon 7×3 with three children plus her husband. She cooks, washes, irons, sews besides all the drudgeries of a mother and of a wife. She is often beaten by her lord and master, for being jealous! I have seen her drudging like that for the last five or more years, and I see no end to it. It would be a sheer mockery to tell her to be thankful for her existence.
 
 

29. 10월 29일

100
29th. Thursday. Pretty. Present.
 
101
Seoul home.
 
 

30. 10월 30일

103
30th. Friday. Beautiful.
 
104
Seoul home. 珽善 is still ill but the doctors say his case is light and is doing O.K. The poor little darling hasn't smiled for the last two weeks. My heart yearns to see him to regain his health soon that he may make us all glad by his smiles.
 
 

31. 10월 31일

106
31st. Saturday. Beautiful.
 
107
Seoul home. Rumor goes the rounds that 5 or 6 thousand Japanese soldiers went to Manchuria via the newly opened Tyu-Soo R.R. from which point a regular ferry-boat service has been established between Southern Chun-la-Do and Shimono-seki. A large number of 在鄕軍人 or retired soldiers in Korea is said to have gone to the same destination. Even 消防隊 or Fire brigades are being despatched. If true what does all that mean? Are the Militarists going to stage some sudden coup-d'eta in Manchuria so to furnish them with a convenient pretext for not withdrawing the troops from Chinese territories? I fear the poor Korean in Manchuria are being used as pawns in this desperate play between Japan and China. I wouldn't be surprised if we were soon to be asked to show out patriotism by some form of voluntary offerings.
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