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◈ 윤치호일기 (1935년) ◈
◇ 12월 ◇
해설   목차 (총 : 12권)     이전 12권 ▶마지막
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1. 12월 1일

2
1st. Sunday. Cloud and sun. Pleasant.
 
3
Seoul home. Kim Myong Si(金明時) , the magistrate of Hong Chun called about 8 a.m. He is very intelligent. Said some sensible things about the attitude which a Korean should take toward the Japanese. He, from personal experience, has found that the modern Japanese are losing much of the chivalrousness of the old samural, "You fawn on the Japanese superior and do his errands with servile devotion. As long as you are useful to him he will pat you on the back and say all manner of nice things about you. But as soon as he is through with you, he will drop you to pick up some other fellow for useful tool. Therefore don't be servile to the Japanese to the extent of sacrificing your personality".
4
Entertained Kim to a lunch at the Yung Po Grill 12: 30~2 p.m. Then to the Normal Boys' common School where the Normal Girls' Common School held its Annual Hak Yei Hoi(學藝會) . Our two little girls 寶姬 and 瑛姬 did their parts well. Was glad to see our 寶姬 play the part of a King, as this is the last 學藝會 she will take part in the Common School.
 
 

2. 12월 2일

6
2nd. Monday. Pale sun.
 
7
Seoul home. 3 p.m. to the Station to say Good bye to Dr. and Mrs. Avison. A great crowd of friends and students all sincerely sorry to see them leave. It's worthwhile to have been born in this world to have lived done as Dr. O.R. Avison has. God be with them!
 
 

3. 12월 3일

9
3rd. Tuesday. Pale. Very cold.
 
10
Seoul home. The coldest day so far.
11
4:30 p.m. went to the Dong A Il Po office where a number of men interested in athletics had gathered to have an informal conference with three Korea speed skaters now on their way to Berlin to participate in the Winter Olympic sports. They are 金正淵, 李聖德, and 張佑植. The captured the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places in the Elimination contest on the Nikko skating Ring.
12
6―to the Kuk Il Kwan Restaurant where a supper party was given to the three Korean skaters and 4 Japanese who are going to Berlin.
 
 

4. 12월 4일

14
4th. Wednesday. Pale. Milder.
 
15
Seoul home. 11 a.m. to the Chosen Shrine Square where a big crowd was gathered to celebrate the naming of the new-born Prince.
16
12―went to the Municipal Hall where a lunch as served in honor of Generals Uyeda and Okushi who had just been promoted to other military positions, the former in Tokyo and the latter in Manchuia.
17
4 p.m. attended the touching funeral service of Miss 李次瓖 on the Severance Hospital ground. She was a beautiful girl though a little too cold. She graduated from the Ewha Music Dept. and then taught in the Pai Wha School. For the last one year she gave piano lessons to 琦善 twice a week.
 
 

5. 12월 5일

19
5th. Thursday. Pale. Mild.
 
20
Seoul home. Yesterday afternoon at Miss Yi's funeral service the Pastor officiating gave out the hymn, "In the sweet by and by we shall meet on that beautiful shore", as was requested to be sung by her just before she passed away. That hymn or rather the faith and hope expressed by that hymn must have given her parting soul a consolation, a cheer, a peace which no rationalist, no humanist, no atheist could have given or taken. They would say that her hope or faith was nothing but a subjective wish which played the part of sugarcoating making an unpleasant pill swallowable. Be it so; but as long as you admit the usefulness, nay even the necessity of sugar coating bitter pills in medical world, you can't lightly, heartlessly, senselessly ridicule, much less destrory the hope and peace which religion alone can give to believing souls.
21
The Korean Language Research Society had a lecture program in the Central Y. Auditorium. Four speakers, Messrs. 李百鐘, 金鳴鎭, 高明宇 spoke on the complexity, unreasonableness, inconsistency of the so called Hankul spelling. All good but too long―from 7 to 11:10.
 
 

6. 12월 6일

23
6th. Friday. Cloudy a.m. Sun p.m.
 
24
Seoul home. A touch of malaria. Stayed home. I wish I could spend a few days at Oh Yang or Paik Chun Hot Springs. But unless I can take Joseph with me what pleasure to go there alone?
 
 

7. 12월 7일

26
7th. Saturday. Bright. Pleasant.
 
27
Seoul home. 1 p.m. attended the ceremony of raising the beam(上樑式) of the new Normal Common School for boys on the Seoul Normal School compound. The athletic ground of the Normal School has a tender spot in my heart as seven of our dear children, five of them for six years each, had their annual field exercises thereon.
28
3:30 went to Hai Haing Sha where General Uyeda, who had been promoted a Supreme Military Councilor, gave a parting lunch to a big crowd.
29
Rain late in the evening.
 
 

8. 12월 8일

31
8th. Sunday. Bright. Pleasant.
 
32
Seoul home. To counteract the flood of materialism and of atheism, the Government General has launched a campaign of revival of religion under the slogan of "Cultivation of the Field of Heart".(心田開發) . The Authorities contend that all forms of faith in the unseen things are good. Even Shamanism in the shape of Korean witchcraft is encouraged. But the main effort of the Government General is to make Shintoism supreme in Korea as that form of religion is inseparably bound up with the Divine Dynasty Worship of Japan. Mr. Choi Nam Sun who made him popular among the Korean youth by writing the Declaration of Independance in 1919, has lately won the good graces of the Japanese rulers by writing and speaking on the common origin of the Japanese and Korean races as evidenced.
 
 

9. 12월 9일

34
9th. Monday. Bright. Very cold. 7° below.
 
35
Seoul home. 5 p.m. the monthly meeting of the Board of Managers of the Seoul Orphanage.
36
6. to the Chosen Hotel where General Ohkushi gave a parting dinner to a large crowd of his friends. As the Chief of the General Staff his heart must be full of troops and amunitions of all descriptions. Yes, he is so winsome in manners that one is tempted to forget his profession. He is promoted to a high military post in Manchuria.
37
(心田開發 continued from the last page) by the mythologies of the two peoples. Choi believes the worship of the sun―hence the sun goddess―was common to the Korean and the Japanese in the dawn of their histories. He insists that to revive the spirit life of the Korean people, one ought not to go to Buddhism of Confucianism, but to the original mythology of Korea. Now that suits well the plans of the Japanese authorities. The Suo-goddess of Japan. Ama-terasu-Ohmikami, the Ancestress of the Imperial Family, is practically the same, as the Tan Koon, the mythological founder of the Korean Kingdom. Therefore the Koreans ought to worship the Shinto goddess above all other deities.
 
 

10. 12월 10일

39
10th. Tuesday. Bright. Very cold.
 
40
Seoul home. 3:20 p.m. to the Station to say good bye to General Ohkushi. 4:30 the Executive Committee of the N.C. of Koreans Y's met at the Central Y. 1936 Budget passed. For the first time in 4 years Hong Pyong Sun presented full report of the Receipts and Expenditure of the Folk High School. Hugh Cynn didn't give a sen to the building fund of the school.
 
 

11. 12월 11일

42
11th. Wednesday. Bright. Bitter cold.
 
43
Seoul home. Must be about 15° below this morning.
44
Does Mr. Choi Nam Sun think seriously that the spirituality(opposed to materialism) of the Korean youths of today can be revivified or revitalized by being made to worship a god a goddess resurrected from some primitive Mythology imperfectly recorded in an ancient history of Korea? Or is he simply trimming his sails according to the official wind of the Japanizing, nationalizing policy of our rulers? The papers report that the Government General, through its Bureau of Education has decided to close up the Mission Schools whose missionary principals refuse to bow to the Shinto Shrine as mark of respect or reverence to the Sun-godess, Ama-terasu-Omikami". the August Ancestress of the Imperial Family. Each Myon(面) or country or every magistrial district is to have a subshrine. The Presbyterian missionaries are greatly disturbed and try to devise a compromise whereby they can preserve their schools without seemingly breaking the First of the Ten Commandments,
 
 

12. 12월 12일

46
12th. Thursday. Pale. Milder than yesterday.
 
47
Seoul home. The Shrine worship or(神社參拜) question has become an acute issue between the Presbyterian missionaries engaged in educational work and the Government General authorities who must obey the dictator of the War-lords or lose their jobs.
 
 

13. 12월 13일

49
13th. Friday. Bright. Bitter cold.
 
50
Seoul home. A few days before his departure, I had a little chat with Dr. Avison at his home. He asked me what I thought about the Shrine bowing question. I told him that since the Educational Dept. of the Japanese Government and then the highest authorities of the Government General of Korea have repeatedly declared that the Shrine reverencing is not required as an act of religion but as an act of respect to the national emblems of the Japanese nation, why should we on our part insist that it is an act of religion? The old and well seasoned Doctor said that in his mission it is the Korean elders and pastors who are most clamorous against the Shrine-reverence business. "That's all right" continued he; but then these elders and pastors send their boys and girls to Government Higher Common Schools and the Primary Schools rather than to Presbyterian Schools of the same grade. Now if they don't object to their children's paying respect toward the Shrine as required by the Japanese teachers how can they consistently say it is sin to bow toward the shrine themselves?
 
 

14. 12월 14일

52
14th. Saturday. Bright. Bitter cold.
 
53
Seoul home. 3 p.m. went to Hai Haing Sha to attend the tea party by General Koiso, the new Commander of the Army of Korea.
 
 

15. 12월 15일

55
15th. Sunday. Lovely. Bracing.
 
56
Seoul home. For the first time this winter our 璋善 and 琦善 went to the Chang Kyong Won for skating, 11 a.m. I went with them and our babies, 珽善 and 瑛姬.
57
This Garden or Park was nothing but a wild wooded plain inside of the Palace Wall. 50 or so years ago I went there with thousand other scholars so called to stand the civil examination by writing senseless essays on some ethical themes taken from Confucian Classics. There was absolutely no pretense at artistic laying out of the ground. But today the Park has zoo, a floral garden, a museum, a play ground for children, a skating ring in winter, a fine collection of "sagra" trees―and all this thrown open to the public most of the year round while the unkempt and inartistic grounds were closed against every body except once or twice a year on occasions of pwaka under the old Korean regime. Who can blame the Japanese for bragging that they have introduced during the last 25 years improvements, useful and artistic which the Yi Dynasty never thought of in 500 years? But for whose benefit have they done all this?
 
 

16. 12월 16일

59
16th. Monday. Dark―Chilly a.m. Sun late p.m.
 
60
Seoul home. 5 p.m. went to the Lily Garden where a few persons met to discuss forming an association for Prohibiting Selling Liquors and Tobacco to minors.
 
 

17. 12월 17일

62
17th. Tuesday. Dark―Chilly a.m. Pale sun p.m.
 
63
Seoul home. First snow between 2:30 and 3:30.
64
Frank Kellogg, former Secretary of State, is recently reported to have said that "there is nothing seen in Japan's movements in China that violates the Nine Power Treaty". In the same breath, he said that "there is no excuse whatever for Italy making war on Ethiopia". The difference is that the Ethiopeans have heroicly been fighting the invadors thus evoking the sympathy and admiration of all brave people while Chinarent by everlasting internecine quarrels, is losing not only her territories
65
but also her self-respect.
 
 

18. 12월 18일

67
18th. Wednesday. Bright. Bitterly cold.
 
68
Seoul home. Brother Chi Chang and his family moved yesterday into a house on the Severance Compound. They had a hard and expensive time in that lonely house on the hill out there among the C.C,C, forest. Whose fault or folly is it―Chi Chang's or his wife's―to make such injustifiable blunders: (1) He had no business to sell that lovely gem of a house in Ka Hoi Dong. It is just big enough for his present family. (2) If he had to sell it he shouldn't have sold it until has built the new house he intended to build. (3) Having sold the old house he could have bought a nice Korean house to live in until the new house is finished. (4) He had no business to go out to C.C.C. to rent a foreign house at ¥50.00 per month. (5) Why does his wife, born and bred a Korean girl wish to live like an American?
 
 

19. 12월 19일

70
19th. Thursday. Bright. Bracing cold.
 
71
Seoul home. Tai Won Koon built the Kyong Bok Palace with voluntary Offerings(願納) which were really Forced Subscriptions. Our new masters are copying Tai Won Koon's tricks for every enterprize, from the building of a country police station or a policeman's residence to the erection of a Memorial temple for some departed Governor-General or a ¥2,000,000.00 Museum. They ask you or rather order you to present an humble petition to the Governor-General or same other high dignatary, begging him to accept a certain sum of money for certain purpose. The next thing you will receive from the Treasury Department of the Government General a peremptory order to pay your subscription no later than such and such a date―just as if you were paying a tax or not a contribution. Another strange thing is that they will refuse to accept your offering if they think it is too little. Now this is not contribution but taxation or exaction. Then why do they demand so much from me while they simply pass by other Koreans who like C. are twice or thrice richer than I and who spend about 1/10 what I spend a year for philanthropic purposes. They seem to penalize generosity.
 
 

20. 12월 20일

73
20th. Friday. Gloomy. Mild.
 
74
Seoul home.
 
 

21. 12월 21일

76
21st. Saturday. Gloomy. Chilly.
 
77
Seoul home. 6 p.m. to the Myong Wol Kwan Restaurant where about 20 of the patrons of the Normal Primary Common School for Boys gave a Korean supper party to about dozen of the teachers, including the President of the Seoul Normal School, of the Common School. Three kisaings waited on the guests. Mr. Han Man Hui who can drink and sing entertained the guests to their satisfaction. Han is a talented, versatile politician. He speaks Japanese fluently. He said that when a fellow wants to learn Japanese he starts with a smile and ends with tears while he begins English with tear but finishes it in smiles.
78
Han fooled with Korean brewery that made him poorer―I hope, wiser. Returned home a little after 10.
79
After all is said and done, I can't help thank God that through His overruling Province I have been kept from falling into the snares of wine and woman―all inspite of myself. A man like Han could have made himself to shining light in his community with his talents and eloquence if he were soberer.
 
 

22. 12월 22일

81
22nd. Sunday. Bright. Cold.
 
82
Seoul home. 琦善, 珽善, 瑛姬, 寶姬, went to Chang Kyong Won in the afternoon. I went with them to see them enjoy the purer air and the playing equipment.
 
 

23. 12월 23일

84
23rd. Monday. Bright. Cold.
 
85
Seoul home. 4 p.m. the Board of Directors of the Central Y. met to pass the 1936 budget.
86
Koo's report up to the 30th Nov. is a great improvement on Cynn's December report, 1934, along all lines of the work.
87
Some points of contrast. When Cynn was in the office hardly anybody ever came to the Y. to see the Secretary. He was in his arm chair in a room far from the lobby and when anybody wanted to see him he had to send in his card and wait to be ushered in. Most of the time Cynn locked himself in his room with Miss P.I.D. for hours, refusing to see callers. Now Koo is accessible to eveybody. No mistress comes to be closeted with him for hours. Under Cynn's serpentine manipulation one secretary of the staff was set against another to make them feel their absolute dependence on him. Cynn divided the staff in order to rule them. The whole building was surcharged with the thick fume and smoke of suspicion, hatred, intrigue. Since Koo took charge of the office the atmosphere has been cleared of all that. Cynn used the fund, whether of the Central Y. or of the National Council, for his personal pleasure and profit of for the Positive League. Koo is a clear and conscientious man in money matters.
 
 

24. 12월 24일

89
24th. Tuesday. Bright. Cold.
 
90
Seoul home. 11 a.m. to the new Peoples' Hall to attend the wedding ceremony of Choi Ha Yung.
 
 

25. 12월 25일

92
25th. Wednesday. Pale sun. Chilly.
 
93
Seoul home. Christmas! Is it possible or can any American or English man expect that the Korean Christians have the same sentiment or feelings about the sacredness, nay the joyfulness of this Holy Season? Impossible! A sentiment requires ages to become mellow rich and sacred. A Korean may reach the highest degree of proficiency, and thoroughness in any department of science―in the realm of knowledge―but he can not, at present, even hope to, have the same sentiment or feeling about Christmas as an American or an English man to whom that sentiment has been mellowed, enriched, and sanctified by centuries of associations through poetry, history, fictions, traditions and above all home life. For the same reason our Japanese rulers ought not to expect or compel us Koreans to have the same sentiment or feeling toward or about the divinity of Shintoism as the Japanese who take its claims as a matter of course.
94
Yesterday 7 p.m. wife and I went to the Central Y. to attend the Christmas celebration given in the Auditorium under the double auspices of the Y.M. and Y.W.C.A's
 
 

26. 12월 26일

96
26th. Thursday. Bright and cold.
 
97
Seoul home. Our Washington and Lambuth left for Song Do 8 a.m. for a holiday trip. Sorry 寶姬 couldn't go with them as she is compelled to study during even the holidays to prepare for the Higher C.S. Examination.
 
 

27. 12월 27일

99
27th. Friday. Pale―Mild.
 
100
Left Seoul for song Do 8 a.m. with wife, 珽善 and 瑛姬 arriving at Song Do home about 10:30. Found all well.
101
Japan is enforcing an Exclusion Bill against the Korean without formal declaration. Koreans of every class are required to get passports to visit any part of Japan. A permit to visit one city―say, Osaka―isn't good for any other city. Last spring Yi Kwang Soo, one of the best known writers in Seoul, and who is rather pro-Japanese, asked for a passport to go to Japan with his wife and child. She was given the passport on the ground that she was going there for study while Mr. Yi and his boy were refused the permit. He had to wait six months to get it. Sohn □□, a pronounced pro-Japanese and who is a business man of good standing in Seoul went to Osaka some months ago. Because of some slip in the form of his passport he was incarcerated in a police prison for two days. If these two well known Koreans are thus treated who can go to Japan without running the risk of being ill treated? Yet Japan has been throwing stones at the American! I hear Mr. Sagawa was recently refused landing at San Francisco.
 
 

28. 12월 28일

103
28th. Saturday. Pale sun. Mild.
 
104
Left Song Do per taxi 10:05 a.m. with wife, Laura, 璋善, 琦善, 珽善, 瑛姬, 益煥, 亮媛, □□ arriving at Paik Chun Hot Springs. 11. A refreshing bath.
 
 

29. 12월 29일

106
29th. Sunday. Bright. Biting cold.
 
107
Paik Chun Hot Springs. Windy―Very cold. Allen and his wife and 英求 came to the Springs in the morning. 璋善, 琦善, 益民, left the Springs for Song Do 1:32 p.m.
108
This Chun Il Kak which is run Japanese fashion, was, it seems, never intended for Korean winters. The windows―in fact there are more windows than walls in a room―are mostly single while the partion sliding doors are more fit for a delicate bird's case than for the living room of grown people. In cold weather like this, these rooms are simply refrigirators. Then the tatamis, mattresses stuffed with beaten straw look neat and soft, but they are merely dust bins―which all the cleanliness of the Japanese people can not keep from absorbing all the dust in the room. In this respect a Korean styled room well papered and well kept is by far freer from dust―and therefore cleaner and more comfortable than a tatamied room.
 
 

30. 12월 30일

110
30th. Monday. Bright. Very cold.
 
111
Left Paik Chun springs 10:32 a.m. train for Seoul. Reaching home about 2 p.m. found all well. Thank God. Having left wife with 珽善 and 瑛姬 at the Springs I feel uneasy. Laura with her two little children is with wife, but they don't understand Japanese.
 
 

31. 12월 31일

113
31st. Tuesday. Cloudy. Bitter cold.
 
114
Seoul home. 光鉉 and 寶姬 left Seoul 8 a.m. train for Paik Chun Springs.
115
2 p.m. attended the wedding ceremony of Miss Hong Kum Nok and Yi Kyu Bok. The girl is the daughter of Hong Pyong Sun. She is a pretty girl and it is said the during her four-year course in the Pai Wha Girls' Higher Common School, nobody ever saw her mad. A wedding feast at Chun Hyang Won Restaurant at 5.
116
This is the last day of the year 1935.
117
All is well that ends well.
118
Praise God from Whom all blessings flow! Praise Father, Son and Holy Ghost!
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