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◈ 윤치호일기 (1919년) ◈
◇ 11월 ◇
해설   목차 (총 : 12권)     이전 11권 다음
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1. 11월 1일

2
1st. Saturday. Beautiful.
 
3
Taking 恩姬 with me I left Seoul by the 11 a.m. train for Song Do. Arrived at Song Do home about 3 p.m. The Autumnal colors on our hills are even more beautiful than the flowers of Spring.
4
A writer says: "Contempt for the body of a man leads rashly to an underestimate of his mind: and one of the greatest men(Napoleon) that ever grew on earth was held in low acc't because not of high inches and laughed at as 'little Boney.'" The Chinese and Russians found it a costly mistake to have despised the 'little Japs'. The Koreans have far less excuse than the Chinese for their contempt for the Japanese. I may say that this unreasonable contempt which the Korean affects to have for the Japanese was one of the main causes of Korean's undoing.
 
 

2. 11월 2일

6
2nd. Sunday. Beautiful.
 
7
Song Do home. The effect of the pure air, every time I come to this beautiful place, is to make me feel the sensation of a sort of mild intoxication―the limbs unsteady and the whole system tired. Went to the Northward Church―Dr. Reid preached on tithing. His unpopularity affects his sermons more or less unfavorably. 恩姬 behaves herself beautifully.
8
On our way home, met Mr. Wasson. He told me that on the Emperor's birthday the boys behaved nicely, considering all things. But the Japanese teachers who were dissatisfied with the half-heartedness which the larger boys displayed, reported the matter to the magistrate―a Japanese. The latter summoned Mr. W. to his office asked him what he was going to do with the boys who showed such an anti-Jap. attitude. The magistrate seemed surprised that Mr. W. should have neglected to inculcate the duties of "loyalty" into the minds of the boys. The interview lasted 5 hours!
 
 

3. 11월 3일

10
3rd. Monday. Beautiful.
 
11
Left Song Do per 11:50 a.m. train for Seoul. Arrived home a little past 3:30 p.m. Went to Y.M.C.A. to attend the meeting of the Board of Directors, held at 4:30.
12
Rumor has it that there was a great disturbance in Wijoo, Syen Chun, and Pyong Yang on the Emperor's birthday. This delay on the part of the Government of putting into effect the promised reforms―the constant nagging of the petty officers―the unfriendly and contemptuous tone of the majority of the Japanese papers―all tend to deepen and widen the hatred of the Koreans against Japan.
 
 

4. 11월 4일

14
4th. Tuesday. Beautiful.
 
15
來信: From Allen. 發信: To 白雲◉
16
Mr. 朴勝彬 called and told me of the proposed organization of a stock company for buying as much as possible the state lands(驛屯土) which the Government General is going to sell. There is a great danger―probability―of the Japanese buying out the whole thing thus dispossessing the Koreans at a stroke of pen a vast extent of rice fields. Mr. 朴 and his friends hope to prevent this calamity by helping the small farmers to buy the state lands on easy payment plan.
17
Y.M.C.A. as usual. Hear on the Emperor's birthday the girls of the High School threw away the cake, which they had received of the teachers, into the ditches outside of the school. Why did they receive the cakes? Once received it was foolish to throw them away. A big farewell meeting in honor of Comm. French and his wife in the Y. Auditorium.
18
A long program―3 hours.
 
 

5. 11월 5일

20
5th. Wednesday. Cloudy.
 
21
Stayed home. At 5:30 p.m. went to the Family Hotel with cousin 致昭 at the invitation of Mr. 朴勝彬. The guests, besides us, were 趙命九, 劉文煥, 宋○○, 金○○, 尹○○, 吳○○, 李基燦, 閔鎔鎬, 金○○, 李容汶, 盧○○. After the supper, Mr. 朴 explained his plan for organizing a company to help the small farmers to buy the state lands which the Gov. intends to put on the market. Mr. 李基燦, reported that he had an interview with Viscount Min Yong Whui, that the old gentleman promised to become one of the promoters of the company. Everybody present seemed to agree as to the importance of the movement to save, at least some lands from being grabbed by the Japanese sharks. A committee of three was appointed to prepare necessary documents. The plan is to form a stock-company with a capital of ¥10,000,000.00. None too rich for the work but are Koreans rich enough to realize the plan?
 
 

6. 11월 6일

23
6th. Thursday. Beautiful.
 
24
Y.M.C.A. as usual. Mr. 洪忠鉉 who starting life peniless, has become one of the richest men in Seoul given 3 reasons for distrusting the mushroom stock companies that are daily coming into existence. 1. Who are to manage these companies. Are there trained business men enough to take charge of them? 2. The officials of such companies think of their own interest first and that of the companies last. 3. The abnormal inflation of the paper currency is bound to bring about a panic in the money market. Will the stock holders be able to pay up the remaining 2nd, 3rd, and 4th calls for the money they have subscribed to?
 
 

7. 11월 7일

26
7th. Friday. Beautiful.
 
27
Y.M.C.A. as usual. M. Demolin, a Frenchman says: that young man is a drone who at the age of 20, vigorous and full of life, depends on nothing but the money he gets from his family and is supported by it. That young man is a drone who at the age of 25 to 30, seeks nothing in marriage but a dowry that is a comfortable means of living by the grace of his wife. That young man is a drone who, despising independent professions. Considers nothing as honorable but official careers which cost him neither effort nor initiative, thus making himself supported by the government, that person or workman is a drone who, in the face of the difficulties of modern life, knows no resource other than the community or state for aid and protection to be supported by the budget, that politician is a drone who exploiting the human folly makes himself popular by promising everything to be thus supported by the people whom he dupes and ruins. With a little modification isn't this the picture of the Korean society?
 
 

8. 11월 8일

29
8th. Saturday. Cloudy and cold.
 
30
Y.M.C.A. as usual. M. Demolin again. The Necessity tells us: "Work, be energetic, count on nothing but yourself. This is the true means of success, of surmounting the difficulties of life, and consequently, of being happy." But the Communistic Social Formation answers: No. Work effort and energy are painful; it is more agreeable to avoid them and herein, there is happiness. "But the individualistic Social Formation seeks Happiness by turning toward efforts personal and intense. At first sight the idea that one can seek and find Happiness in personal efforts and in the difficulty overcome appears to us a bitter irony.··· I am only stating the facts".
31
If no work, no effort, no energy means happiness as the Korean today―especially of the Buddhistic persuasion, thinks then we are or should be the happiest people on earth.
 
 

9. 11월 9일

33
9th. Sunday. Beautiful and cold.
 
34
Stayed home. 3 p.m. the Universal Prayer Week began. The first meeting was held in the Y.M.C.A. Auditorium packed. I spoke on the New Era(新時代) . I told them in substance: 1. This is not the first New Era that has come to us. It came in 1875 when Korea first entered into treaty relations with Japan. It came in 1884 when Kim Okiun tried to reform the Government on modern lines. It came in 1894 when Japan delivered Korea from the Chinese vassalage. It came in 1904 when Japan drove Russia out of Manchuria. What did we do with these New Eras? 2. When a New Era comes to a race it must adjust itself to the conditions of the Era and go forward like the Japanese or bury itself in the dusty past and be killed out like the Red Indians. Which is to be our model and example?
 
 

10. 11월 10일

36
10th. Monday. Beautiful.
 
37
Y.M.C.A. as usual. My respected friend, Mr. 李鍾元, is or should have been a great Chinese scholar when young he, read 書傳 alone 400 times and other classics in proportion. His brain (or his belly) according to the Korean notion is full of the wise sayings of the Chinese sages. On a summer day I saw him meditating in his room while his shoes were being filled with a torrential rain. The ancient workings who governed or rather misgoverned this country during the 500 inglorious years of the Yi Dynasty spun most beautiful literary fabrics while the people were left to live like hogs in hovels without decent roads or bridges or manufacture or improvement of any kind. Reading or writing beautiful essays alone doesn't make a strong or happy people.
 
 

11. 11월 11일

39
11th. Tuesday. Beautiful.
 
40
Y.M.C.A. as usual. My darling Grace恩姬's birthday.
41
Here are two Koreans―One lives a decent life working industriously at his farm or in his shop supporting his family in comfort and making himself useful to all around him. Yet he doesn't go off shouting Mansei. The other fellow is a gambler and a profligate. He has wasted his father's fortune in a riotous living. He is full of Mansei in season and out of season. Which of the two is the real patriots? When the Ex-Emperor was at his hight of misrule Yi Yong Ik who coined the sweat and blood of the poor people into gold ingots for his M's private coffer was regarded as the 忠臣 or loyal subject. Yet Yi hated the Japanese. Was he a patriot? In fact Yi and his like were greater enemies to Korea than the Japanese.
 
 

12. 11월 12일

43
12th. Wednesday. Beautiful.
 
44
Had to stay home in bed with a bad cold.
45
M. Demolin the French writer defines Happiness as the state of the man who succeeds in overcoming truly the material and moral difficulties of life. I am ready to say whether this definition is correct or not, one thing I know by experience that Happiness is the result of conquest. Can you conceive a happy man who is the slave of his evil passions―anger, hatred, envy, lust, inordinate ambition? Or may a man be happy who can not overcome anxiety, worry and fretfulness? Hence I say Happiness means or is the result of conquest and contentment. Wasn't Paul divinely inspired when he said "Contentment with Godliness is a great gain"? For god-likeness is absolutely impossible without self-conquest.
 
 

13. 11월 13일

47
13th. Thursday. Beautiful.
 
48
Cold worse than yesterday. Had to keep to bed.
49
Lord Fisher's Secret of Happiness.
50
Never contradict
51
Never Explain Very strong but very true.
52
Never apologize.
53
That man can't help being happy or contented with himself whose conduct in life is such that its needs neither contradiction nor explanation, nor apology. While such a man must be rare, even ordinary mortals like ourselves would be a bit happier or save ourselves from much vexation if we were strong enough not to try to explain or apologize for our conduct to every fool that criticizes it.
 
 

14. 11월 14일

55
14th. Friday. Misty morning―A little rain. Beautiful rest of the day.
 
56
Cold much better―not well enough to go out.
57
Hear that Prince Wi Wha attempting to leave the country got caught in Wiju. He being a man of no character―unless he has changed for the better of late―he would have proved an addition of no great value to the Independence cause vis-a-vis the foreign public. But the mere fact of his being indentified with the agitators would have had a considerable effect on the Koreans.
58
鄭圻俊 one of the stickiest fellows I have ever known came and sat actually 3:30 long hours importuning me to lend him without interset ¥1000.
59
Mr. Swan(?) of the Kobe Y.M.C.A. called with Mr. F.M.B.
 
 

15. 11월 15일

61
15th. Saturday. Beautiful.
 
62
Y.M.C.A. as usual. Had a call from Mr. 山縣俤三郞 in the morning. He said he didn't like the way Dr. Avison treated teachers and that he had sent in resignation as a full teacher. He also said that he had the infomation that Mr. 申興雨 made some anti-Japanese speeches while in America.
63
3 things which Japan should do boldly―1. Abolish the plan and program of subsidized colonization being practiced by the Oriental D. Co; 2. An imperial promise to grant a Home Rule to the Koreans after certain number of years of preparation; 3. Freedom of speech and of press under some sane and reasonable conditions.
64
Tonight the Universal Prayer Week was ended with a speech from Mr. 李商在.
 
 

16. 11월 16일

66
16th. Sunday. Beautiful.
 
67
Worshipped at 宗橋 Church.
68
I understand that Trostky, the present Bolshevik ruler of Russia, is a born Jew. Just think: The Russians maltreated and masacred the Jews without mercy for centuries. Now it is a Jew who has exterminated the Rumanoff Family―It is a Jew who has caused to masacre hundreds, millions of the Russians directly or indirectly during the last three years. What a singular revange! Some think this is Divine justice. It may be better than no justice at all. But I can't help asking "Why didn't a just God make the human nature a little more just and a little more merciful than it is―the world over?
 
 

17. 11월 17일

70
17th. Monday. Beautiful―Rain after dark.
 
71
Y.M.C.A. as usual. Monthly meeting at 7:30 p.m. No quorum. Mr. Paik Sang Rim is a richman and can easily pay ¥50 for life membership in the Y. Or he could be a sustaining member and pay ¥1 per month without forgoing any of his luxuries. Yet the Social Secretary has the hardest time to collect even the ordinary membership fee (¥3.00 per year) or ¥1.50 for 6 month, from Mr. Paik. 徐丙儀 is another example of foreign-educated Korean who criticizes the Y.M.C.A. for not having up to date equipment, etc. but who wouldn't give a cent toward the bare maintenance of the Institution. No wonder many foreigners have a strong prejudice against Koreans educated in America or Europe.
 
 

18. 11월 18일

73
18th. Tuesday. Pretty-coldest day so far. 36°F.
 
74
Y.M.C.A. as usual. The Ex-King of Montenegro is reported to have said among other things: "Serbia didn't want to keep these noble promises (of respecting the independence of Montenegro, etc.) and occupied Montenegro with armed forces and annexed it forcibly··· Simultaneously the Serbian government began a reign of terror in Montenegro with the purpose of compelling the Montenegrians to accept the new order of things. Over 3000 houses were burnt and most of notable Montenegrians were either interned or imprisoned." Of all countries who would have thought such acts of injustice possible on the part of or from the Serbians! Liberty is the cry of the weak but oppression is the rule of the strong.
75
The former Prince Yi Household Band gave a benefit concert to keep up the "Seoul Band" discouraging crowd.
 
 

19. 11월 19일

77
19th. Wednesday. Cloud a.m. Beautiful afternoon. 26°F.
 
78
Y.M.C.A. as usual. Mr. 申興雨 came to the Building about 11 a.m. Was glad to see him back. He said he had spent a few days at Columbus and that he had seen my Allen and Helen there. He met Dr. S.R. and P.J. The latter asked him about me and when 申 told him that I hadn't changed in heart he (Dr. P.J.) exclaimed: "Thank God" with tears in his eyes. 申 said that the word sincerity is an unknown term in the Japanese character. "I say go to hell and they will go to hell, too." I was surprised to hear him talk so vehemently.
79
Lunch at Mr. Brockman's to meet Mr. Wood a well known Boston Social worker. The Japanese are paying him a great deal of attention showing him everything they want him to see.
80
He gave a good lecture on the luminous settlement work―its origin and success to a large crowd. Had the pleasure of shaking hand with Miss Pak In Duk, the beautiful Ewha Girl who had tasted 6 months' imprisonment for her patriotism.
 
 

20. 11월 20일

82
20th. Thursday. Pale. 28°F.
 
83
Y.M.C.A. as usual. The Central Y. is facing a serious financial stress owing to the simple fact that expenses have increased as the cost of living rises by leaps and bounds, while income or receipts have dwindled most dishearteningly. The proper thing would be for the public of Seoul to contribute to the support of the institution, but the fear or the pretended fear of the frown and suspicion of the authorities keep the business men from showing any favor to the Y. Mr. Gregg and I are of the opnion to retrench the work―economize the coal, etc. thus to make the receipts go as far as possible. Brockman and Barhnhart contend with tooth and nail against any retrenchment urging that subscription should be solicited from the Korean public. The only way to make the Korean public respond to such an appeal would be appealing to its national sentiment, but that is not possible now.
84
4 p.m. tea served at Chosen Hotel by Mr. 柴田學務局長 to a number of Korean, Japanese and foreigners.
 
 

21. 11월 21일

86
21st. Friday. Pale.
 
87
Wife sick last night. What is heathenism? Selfishness. What is sin? Selfishness. What is hell? Selfishness. The Korean homes are full of heathenism, of sin and hell because selfishness is the ruling passion of all. The mother-in-law is selfish. The daughter-in-law is selfish. The mistress is selfish. The servant is selfish. The wife is selfish. The husband is selfish. Everybody wants to be ministered unto but not to minister. My wife is nearer to absolute selfishness than any woman I have seen. She wants everybody to serve and please her, yet she doesn't even try to please or serve anybody. Why did I marry her? Am I not served right for marrying an unknown quantity (of selfishness) ?
 
 

22. 11월 22일

89
22nd. Saturday. Pale.
 
90
Y.M.C.A. as usual. Hear Min Pyeng Suk and Yun Duk Yung have sold 德壽宮, the Ex-Emperor's Palace and its adjacent land inside of 永成門 to the Japanese. I can find no word in the Webster's Unabridged Dictionary bad enough to describe these vile traitors. I despise the statesmanship of Japan who would allow such things being done. The Japanese Emperor and the Japanese Government have repeatedly assured, in solemn proclamations, the Ex-Emperor that the dignity and prosperity of the Royal House should be upheld and protected. Yet they are gradually paring off the property of the Royal House on one pretext or another. Has Japan come to the point of degeneration where she can see nothing good but gain―however filthy or unsighteous it may be?
 
 

23. 11월 23일

92
23rd. Sunday. Pale and cold.
 
93
Worshipped at 宗橋 Church as usual. Pastor Ryang gave a good talk.
94
3 p.m. Dr. Schofield talked to a roomful of young men on the evils of Japan―introduced―legalized―commercialized vice. Some of the facts he mentioned:―
 
95
1. In 新町 licensed quarters there were 100 Korean girls 5 years ago; now 400.
96
2. A Japanese brothel keeper invested ¥50,000.00 in the nefarious business and has 29 girls in his den―each girl making (for his benefit) from ¥100.00 to ¥150.00 per month.
 
97
He appealed to the young men of Korea to face this dreadful evil like man.
 
 

24. 11월 24일

99
24th. Monday. Bright-frosty-cold. 20°F.
 
100
Y.M.C.A. as usual. When I was in America in 1910 I heard a returned missionary from Africa giving his thrilling experiences to enthusiastic audiences in the Southern States. The So. Methodist Church decided to send missionaries to the poor benighted Negroes in the jungles of the dark Continent. So far all right. Yet the racial prejudice of the Southern White was so intense that I heard a presiding Elder say that someday the Negro race in America will have to be exterminated. What a strange beast man is! To send missionaries to preach the Gospel of Love to the Negroes in Africa; yet to hate the Negroes in their midst so much as to wish to exterminate them!
 
 

25. 11월 25일

102
25th. Tuesday. Bright-frosty-cold.
 
103
Y.M.C.A. as usual. In a paper I read: The Ex-King of Montenegro said: "Unfortunately Serbia did not want to keep these promises and occupied Montenegro with armed forces and annexed it forcibly. And simultaneously the Serbian Govt. began a reign of terror in Montenegro with the purpose of compelling the Montenegrians to accept the new order of things. Over 3000 houses were burnt and most of the notable Montenegrians either interned or imprisoned". Could this be possible? How could little Serbia who suffered so much from the injustice and oppression of Austria turn round and treat her weaker neighbor with injustice and oppression? Ah! is there a beast that can equal man for baseness and wickedness?
 
 

26. 11월 26일

105
26th. Wednesday. Pale―Drops of rain now and then. (TABLE)
 
106
==200町步 以上==Japanese 144==Koreans 60==
107
==150町步 以上==Japanese 96==Koreans 14==
108
==100町步 以上==Japanese 164==Koreans 194==
109
==70町步 以上==Japanese 206==Koreans 507==
110
==50町步 以上==Japanese 248==Koreans 917==
 
111
Now 1町步=3000坪=20斗落 即 1石落
112
10町步=30000坪=200斗落 即 1石落
113
1段=300坪=2斗落 卽 1石落
 
114
Y.M.C.A. as usual. The comparative area of rice fields owned by tax payers in Korea―
115
These are significant figures showing to what extent and with what rapidity the Japanese are rolling up the arable lands of Korea.
 
 

27. 11월 27일

117
27th. Thursday. Pale-sunshine. (TABLE)
 
118
==70町步 以上==Japanese 1==Korean 0==
119
==15町步 以上==Japanese 5==Korean 1==
120
==10町步 以上==Japanese 16==Korean 5==
121
==7町步 以上==Japanese 24==Korean 2==
122
==6町步 以上==Japanese 17==Korean 7==
123
==5町步 以上==Japanese 19==Korean 13==
124
==4町步 以上==Japanese 21==Korean 8==
125
==3町步 5段==Japanese 23==Korean 21==
126
==3町步 以上==Japanese 33==Korean 38==
127
==2町步 以上==Japanese 73==Korean 111==
128
==1町步 以上==Japanese 227==Korean 251==
129
==1 段 步==Japanese 1,622==Korean 2,539==
130
==1段步 未滿==Japanese 6,330==Korean 47,005==
 
131
Y.M.C.A. as usual. The comparative area of city or town lands owned by tax payers.
132
Remember the Japanese have begun buying lands in towns and country only since the annexation―that is only 9 or ten years ago.
 
 

28. 11월 28일

134
28th. Friday. Pale-chilly.
 
135
Precious 恩姬 suffered so from tooth ache that we, wife and I, had no rest last night. 9:30 a.m. we took Grace to Dr. 中村安, the female Japanese dentist. She deemed it necessary to extract the offending tooth. The little darling suffered intensely and I can't bear to think of it even.
136
Y.M.C.A. as usual. Mr. 申興雨 gave a talk on his trip to America. He had to steer between two rocky shores: the Korean public which craved to hear of the Korean activities in America for the independence cause and the authorities who are on the qui vive to catch him saying anything on the burning political question. He succeeded in saying nothing in a half hour address.
 
 

29. 11월 29일

138
29th. Saturday. Bright.
 
139
Y.M.C.A. as usual. 12:15 p.m. with wife took 恩姬 to Dr. Schiefley to have her tooth treated. The precious little darling behaved lovely though she hated the very sight of dental apparatus. Fortunately she had no painful operation.
140
I didn't believe in the story of the Ex-Emperor last Feb. I thought it was unnecessary. But now that 閔丙奭, 尹德榮 and Co. have sold 德壽宮, the Ex-Emperor's last residence to the Japanese, I am inclined to believe that story. These dirty rascals are mean enough to do anything for their pocket's sake. When they need some more money, look out Prince or King Yi Jr.! They could get rid of him with a sweet drunk. Then they can sell 昌德 Palace, for a good commission!
 
 

30. 11월 30일

142
30th. Sunday. Gloomy―Rained a little. Pretty p.m.
 
143
Worshipped at 宗矯 Church as usual.
144
Mr. 李商在 told me this afternoon that he and Mr. 兪星濬 had been invited to supper by Genl. 宇都宮; and that the General thought the mass of the Korean people could be conciliated if the Government would spend 1/3 of the money which the Russo-Japanese war had cost Japan. Mr. Yi replied that what the General proposed would fail to win the heart of the Korean even if it were carried into effect for 3 reasons. viz.: (1) Japan doesn't understand the psychology of the Korean people; (2) The Japanese lacks wise statesmanship; (3) Japan hasn't moral greatness.
145
The common saying among the Seoulians is the Japanese regime has produced 三外無 or 3 "Nothing buts". As for land, nothing but streets; as for men, nothing but spies; as for women, nothing but prostitutes.
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